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" As countries embrace mass higher education, the cost of maintaining universities increases dramatically relative to an elite system. "
Derek Bok
Education
Embrace
Higher Education
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" Again and again, universities have put a low priority on the very programs and initiatives that are needed most to increase productivity and competitiveness, improve the quality of government, and overcome the problems of illiteracy, miseducation, and unemployment. "
Derek Bok
Quality
Government
Overcome
" For some students, especially in the sciences, the knowledge gained in college may be directly relevant to graduate study. For almost all students, a liberal arts education works in subtle ways to create a web of knowledge that will illumine problems and enlighten judgment on innumerable occasions in later life. "
Derek Bok
Knowledge
College
Life
" Doctoral training is devoted almost entirely to learning to do research, even though most Ph.Ds who enter academic life spend far more time teaching than they do conducting experiments or writing books. "
Derek Bok
Training
Writing
Time
" The first country to adopt happiness as an official goal of public policy is the tiny little country of Bhutan in Asia near China and India. "
Derek Bok
India
Country
Goal
" I don't regard the fact that there's a disparity in test scores nearly as importantly as I do the need for diversity, because I know from long experience that test scores, though useful, are a very limited measure of things that matter in choosing students. "
Derek Bok
Experience
Know
Diversity
" Apart from finding a first job, college graduates seem to adapt more easily than those with only a high school degree as the economy evolves and labor-market needs change. "
Derek Bok
Job
School
Change
" What college is all about is some kind of 4-year game about who is going to end up with the highest grades. And I don't mean to say that academic achievement isn't important. But it is, after all, a means to an end. "
Derek Bok
Grades
Achievement
College
" Colleges do not merely offer preparation for the future; they occupy four years of a student's life, and an institution should do what it can to make these years absorbing and enjoyable. "
Derek Bok
Four
Student
Preparation
" Greater inequality in Europe has made people less happy. "
Derek Bok
Happy
Inequality
Less
" There's a great deal of difference between thinking reflectively about moral issues and achieving higher standards of ethical behavior. "
Derek Bok
Behavior
Thinking
Achieving
" I think the minority students that we admit to Harvard are every bit as meritorious as the white students that we admit. "
Derek Bok
White
Students
Harvard
" Although professors regard improving critical thinking as the most important goal of college, tests reveal that seniors who began their studies with average critical thinking skills have progressed only from the 50th percentile of entering freshmen to about the 69th percentile. "
Derek Bok
Goal
Important
College
" I think any self-respecting educational institution ought to judge its policies by its best estimate of what their long-term consequences for their students and for the society will be. "
Derek Bok
Best
Society
Judge
" In 1968, the situation at Harvard was not one of which we can be proud. In that year, the proportion of minority persons in salary and wage positions was approximately 3 per cent. Virtually no minority workers were employed on Harvard construction projects. "
Derek Bok
Proud
Situation
Construction
" There are no tests similar to SATs to tell us how much undergraduates know. State legislators, who appropriate billions of dollars each year to higher education, are naturally interested in finding out what they are getting for their money. "
Derek Bok
Money
Year
Education
" Education, and I regret to say this as an educator, but there's no indication that education has a direct effect on happiness. "
Derek Bok
Say
Education
Happiness
" If we are prepared to invest the necessary time and effort, affirmative action can contribute to Harvard's quality and not detract from it. "
Derek Bok
Action
Time
Quality
" The University has a moral obligation to provide equal opportunities to women, minority persons and all other groups who work or seek to work at Harvard. "
Derek Bok
Equal
Work
Women
" Economists who have studied the relationship between education and economic growth confirm what common sense suggests: The number of college degrees is not nearly as important as how well students develop cognitive skills, such as critical thinking and problem-solving ability. "
Derek Bok
Education
Relationship
Growth
" I don't think the alternative to Yale is jail by any means. On the other hand, there is a mass of research that does show that there are real advantages to your subsequent career in going to selective institutions. "
Derek Bok
Real
Research
Career
" Good teaching is creating really interesting generalizations out of war stories. "
Derek Bok
Good
Interesting
War
" I think it's very important to emphasize that there are many, many different educational institutions in what we call higher education, and they educate an enormous diversity of students. I think all of those institutions have to define particular roles for themselves; they can't do everything at once. "
Derek Bok
Important
Think
Education
" Teaching methods are often inadequate for the goals faculties are trying to achieve. Important courses such as expository writing and foreign languages are frequently taught by untrained graduate students and underpaid adjunct teachers. "
Derek Bok
Writing
Goals
Taught
" The most obvious purpose of college education is to help students acquire information and knowledge by acquainting them with facts, theories, generalizations, principles, and the like. This purpose scarcely requires justification. "
Derek Bok
Purpose
Knowledge
Education
" Freshly minted Ph.Ds typically teach the way their favorite professors taught. "
Derek Bok
Professors
Taught
Teach
" The vast majority of students probably emerge from college with an adequate grasp of no more than a single method of inquiry. Even this capacity may erode over time if it does not relate to experiences and problems that recur in the student's later life. "
Derek Bok
Student
Life
College
" Efforts to develop critical thinking falter in practice because too many professors still lecture to passive audiences instead of challenging students to apply what they have learned to new questions. "
Derek Bok
Practice
Questions
Thinking
" Most high governmental officials who speak of education policy seem to conceive of education in this light - as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth. I strongly disagree with this approach. "
Derek Bok
Growth
Speak
Light
" Universities are in a position where they can think very creatively. "
Derek Bok
Position
Where
Very
" I won't say there aren't any Harvard graduates who have never asserted a superior attitude. But they have done so to our great embarrassment and in no way represent the Harvard I know. "
Derek Bok
Way
Know
Say