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" First, I think the science of monetary economics has clearly gotten better. "

Martin Feldstein

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" To finance this trade deficit, the U.S. has to borrow from the rest of the world or sell American assets like stocks, businesses, and real estate to the rest of the world. "

Martin Feldstein

" And finally, no matter how good the science gets, there are problems that inevitably depend on judgement, on art, on a feel for financial markets. "

Martin Feldstein

" If the Federal Reserve pursues a strong dollar at home while the dollar becomes more competitive in global markets, we can achieve both price stability and a more balanced path of economic growth. "

Martin Feldstein

" Domestic inflation reflects domestic monetary policy. "

Martin Feldstein

" A rise in the level of saving can reduce aggregate activity temporarily but only a sustained high level of saving makes it possible to have the sustained high level of business investment that contributes to the long-run growth of output. "

Martin Feldstein

" But the primary reason for wanting the dollar to become more competitive in the near future is that we may need an increase in exports this year and in 2007 to sustain the economy's current pace of expansion. "

Martin Feldstein

" Increased government spending can provide a temporary stimulus to demand and output but in the longer run higher levels of government spending crowd out private investment or require higher taxes that weaken growth by reducing incentives to save, invest, innovate, and work. "

Martin Feldstein

" Although economists have studied the sensitivity of import and export volumes to changes in the exchange rate, there is still much uncertainty about just how much the dollar must change to bring about any given reduction in our trade deficit. "

Martin Feldstein

" Thirty years ago, many economists argued that inflation was a kind of minor inconvenience and that the cost of reducing inflation was too high a price to pay. No one would make those arguments today. "

Martin Feldstein

" We are particularly poor at the open economy issues. "

Martin Feldstein

" Even if the dollar does decline during the coming months, the delays in the response of exports and imports to the more competitive dollar will mean that the increase in aggregate demand from this source may not happen for a year or more. "

Martin Feldstein

" But because we in the United States finance our current account deficit by borrowing in our own currency, we can move to a more competitive dollar without the adverse effects that followed currency declines in other countries. "

Martin Feldstein

" But then in April of 1985 the dollar began a sharp decline. The dollar's trade weighted value fell 23 percent in just 12 months and by a total of 37 percent by the beginning of 1988. "

Martin Feldstein

" We pay some price when necessary to bring down inflation but that price is temporary and is not large relative to the permanent gain from reduced inflation. "

Martin Feldstein

" The more competitive value of the dollar turned around the trade deficit. "

Martin Feldstein

" The only way that we can reduce our financial dependence on the inflow of funds from the rest of the world is to reduce our trade deficit. "

Martin Feldstein

" Unless the trade deficit shrinks, the combination of the trade deficit and the interest and dividend payments to foreigners will grow ever more rapidly. "

Martin Feldstein

" Inflation is lower and more stable and the real business cycle fluctuations are more modest. "

Martin Feldstein

" I think that over the last few decades, we have seen better economic outcomes than in the past. "

Martin Feldstein

" After all, an overvalued dollar gives us the ability to buy foreign goods at lower prices. And the existing volume of exports brings more yen and euros than they would if the dollar were more competitive. "

Martin Feldstein

" My theme this evening is that America needs a competitive dollar. "

Martin Feldstein

" The good news is that a competitive dollar in the global market and a strong dollar at home are compatible in both the long run and during the transition to a more competitive dollar. "

Martin Feldstein

" A second reason why science cannot replace judgement is the behavior of financial markets. "

Martin Feldstein

" An increase in the relative price of products from the low wage manufacturers in Asia and Latin America will also make those products less attractive to American consumers. "

Martin Feldstein