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" I'm looking at looting photos from space, and there are people putting their lives on the line every day protecting their heritage. I call these people the real culture heroes. "
Sarah Parcak
Day
People
Culture
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" Eventually, when I started studying Egyptology, I realized that seeing with my naked eyes alone wasn't enough. Because all of the sudden, in Egypt, my beach had grown from a tiny beach in Maine to one eight hundred miles long, next to the Nile. "
Sarah Parcak
Enough
Long
Eyes
" Scorpions like holes. We had to put our arms in the holes to dig out the smelting residues. We always performed critter checks before an excavation, but one morning, I put an arm in and felt a sharp pierce. When I brought my hand out, it was red and already swelling. "
Sarah Parcak
Like
Red
Morning
" The majority of the research I do is archaeological research, but to me, as a professor, the most important thing is to encourage and mentor students. "
Sarah Parcak
Mentor
Research
Most
" If you really want to be a good archaeologist, you have to understand ancient DNA; you have to understand chemical analysis to figure out the composition of ancient pots. You have to be able to study human remains. You need to be able to do computer processing and, in some cases, computer programming. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Need
Good
" Satellite datasets like WorldView can see objects as small as 1.5 feet in diameter. In 2014, WorldView-3 will be able to see objects a small as a foot. "
Sarah Parcak
Feet
Small
See
" I am one of many people documenting damage and looting at ancient sites from space - it is such a crucial tool. "
Sarah Parcak
Ancient
I Am
Many
" Archaeology holds all the keys to understanding who we are and where we come from. "
Sarah Parcak
Archaeology
Come
Understanding
" Archaeologists use datasets from NASA and commercial satellites, processing the information using various off-the-shelf computer programs. These datasets allow us to see beyond the visible part of the light spectrum into the near, middle, and far infrared. "
Sarah Parcak
NASA
Beyond
Information
" When you think about archaeology, archaeology is the only field that allows us to tell the story of 99 percent of our history prior to 3,000 B.C. and writing. "
Sarah Parcak
Writing
You
Us
" When a wall is slowly covered over by earth, the materials it's made from decay and become part of the soils around and above it, sometimes causing vegetation above and next to the wall to grow faster or slower. Satellite imagery helps archaeologists to pick up these subtle changes. "
Sarah Parcak
Sometimes
Grow
Become
" What we did is we used NASA topography data to map out the landscape, very subtle changes. We started to be able to see where the Nile used to flow. "
Sarah Parcak
Data
See
Map
" Itjtawy was ancient Egypt's capital for over four hundred years, at a period of time called the Middle Kingdom about four thousand years ago. The site is located in the Faiyum of Egypt, and the site is really important because in the Middle Kingdom there was this great renaissance for ancient Egyptian art, architecture and religion. "
Sarah Parcak
Religion
Architecture
Time
" I am part of a network of people monitoring what's happening at ancient sites in Iraq and Syria - from space. We can see clearly the destruction. "
Sarah Parcak
Destruction
People
See
" We emphasise the features on satellite maps by adding colours to farmland, urban structures, archaeological sites, vegetation and water. "
Sarah Parcak
Colours
Maps
Water
" Imagery is powerful. Imagery is provocative - satellite imagery much more so because it is from space, and it allows us to get this perspective that we don't have to have otherwise. "
Sarah Parcak
Perspective
Space
Us
" WorldView-3 goes into the mid-infrared wavelength, allowing you to see very subtle geological differences on the sites at a 0.4-metre resolution. "
Sarah Parcak
Resolution
Goes
Differences
" Seeing sites and features in places where we never looked or never thought things might exist is causing archaeologists across the world to think deeper about their sites or entire cultures. "
Sarah Parcak
Seeing
World
Thought
" We're using satellites to help map and model cultural features that could never be seen on the ground because they're obscured by modernization, forests, or soil. "
Sarah Parcak
Map
Ground
Help
" In archaeology, context is everything. Objects allow us to reconstruct the past. Taking artifacts from a temple or an ancient private house is like emptying out a time capsule. "
Sarah Parcak
Temple
Time
House
" Google Earth is an incredible resource because from hundreds of miles in space, we can zoom in, and we can find things. Everyone always looks for their house first. That is the tip of the iceberg with remote sensing. "
Sarah Parcak
Looks
Space
Find
" The only technology that can 'see' beneath the ground is radar imagery. But satellite imagery also allows scientists to map short- and long-term changes to the Earth's surface. Buried archaeological remains affect the overlying vegetation, soils and even water in different ways, depending on the landscapes you're examining. "
Sarah Parcak
Changes
Water
Earth
" A lot of people are surprised when I talk so much about the present, but politics is just a crucial part of archaeology. "
Sarah Parcak
Present
People
Just
" It's absolutely critical, you know, to train young men and women not just to find sites, but also to protect sites, especially in the wake of the Arab Spring. There's been significant site-looting in Egypt and elsewhere across the Middle East. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Train
Spring
" We've got to map all of our ancient history before it's gone because, let's face it, if we don't have a common heritage to share, something to get excited about, then what are we living for? "
Sarah Parcak
History
Living
Face
" Satellite imagery is the only way we can map the looting patterns effectively. "
Sarah Parcak
Patterns
Imagery
Way
" When I was a child growing up in Maine, one of my favorite things to do was to look for sand dollars on the seashores of Maine, because my parents told me it would bring me luck. But you know, these shells, they're hard to find. They're covered in sand. They're difficult to see. "
Sarah Parcak
Parents
Me
Growing Up
" To excavate a pyramid is the dream of every archaeologist. "
Sarah Parcak
Pyramid
Dream
Every
" In Egypt, I do survey work on the ground. That's really the most important part of using satellite images. You know, it helps us to find potential locations for sites, and then we get to go there on the ground and confirm what we've seen. "
Sarah Parcak
Potential
Know
Important
" Choosing an unconventional career path - I am not a traditional Egyptologist by any means. I found what I love, and I have stuck with it. "
Sarah Parcak
Path
Career
Career Path
" I played varsity soccer at Yale and continued playing at Cambridge. "
Sarah Parcak
Yale
Cambridge
Soccer