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" The early universe was a dusty place, and the UV radiation from the hot, young black holes and stars would get enshrouded by dust, re-radiated, and scattered into red wavelengths like infra-red, causing these objects to remain obscured. "

Priyamvada Natarajan

Black

Hot

Place

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" The precise effects of lensing depend on the mass of the lens, the structure of space-time, and the relative distance between us, the lens, and the distant object behind it. It's like a magnifying glass, where the image you get depends on the shape of the lens and how far you hold it from the object you're looking at. "

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" We knew from theoretical models that mergers of massive, gas-rich galaxies were more frequent in the past. Now we've found that these mergers are responsible for producing both the nearby obscured quasar population and their distant cousins. "

Priyamvada Natarajan

Responsible

Cousins

" I fell in love with the night sky when I first looked through a telescope as a young girl growing up in Delhi. "

" Perhaps more than English or history, STEM subjects require an enormous amount of foundational learning before students can become competent. "

" Finding the first seed black holes could help reveal how the relation between black holes and their host galaxies evolved over time. "

" In an era of ever-increasing globalization, what it takes to become and remain a science superpower has fundamentally changed. "

" Mapping, both literal and metaphorical, has always been about our quest for knowing. "

" My students may have dexterity with the equations they're required to know, but they lack the capacity to apply their knowledge to real-life problems. This critical shortcoming appears in high school and possibly in elementary grades - long before college. "

" I am obsessed with trying to understand why there is such rampant denialism of science in our country. I find this exuberant irrationalism extremely disturbing. And this is particularly troubling, because I am a professional scientist. "

" The existence of dark matter and dark energy are inferred from observations! They are not theoretical constructs. Though invisible, both reveal their presence through the effects that they exert on motions of celestial bodies and in the case of dark matter - the bending of light as well. "

" Growing up in Delhi, India, I did puzzles, explored numbers, and searched for patterns in everyday settings long before I ever saw an equation. "

" In addition to a well-funded school system, we need to encourage and exploit innovative approaches for learning outside the classroom. "

" We scientists have an obsession with unification, a grand synthesis. And dark matter is an irritating missing piece. "

" Scientific knowledge is, by its nature, provisional. This is due to the fact that as time goes on, with the invention of better instruments, more data and better data hone our understanding further. Social, cultural, economic, and political context are relevant to our understanding of how science works. "

" The geometry, the content, and the fate of the universe are all intricately linked. If you know two, you can deduce the third. "

" Dark matter is one of the dominant constituents of the universe, which piled up in certain parts of the universe due to gravity, and in those regions, galaxies were formed. It is the unseen thing that holds the universe together. "

Priyamvada Natarajan

Together

Universe

" Black holes are enigmatic astronomical objects, areas where the gravity is so immense that it has warped spacetime so that not even light can escape. "

" If you know the shape of the lens and the image you get, you can work out the path that light followed between the object and your eye. "

" The pace and demands in any field, be it genetics, nanotechnology or cosmology, can only be met with increased international cooperation and collaborative projects. "

" Mental discipline and tenacity in the face of obstacles are traits that have greatly helped me in both my personal and professional journey thus far. I am also very optimistic by nature and tend to focus on the positive and remain hopeful when faced with adversity. "

Priyamvada Natarajan

Positive

Nature