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" We only have a limited amount of time left before many archaeological sites all over the world are destroyed. So we have to be really selective about where we dig. "
Sarah Parcak
Dig
Only
Over
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" The only technology that can 'see' beneath the ground is radar imagery. But satellite imagery also allows scientists to map short- and long-term changes to the Earth's surface. Buried archaeological remains affect the overlying vegetation, soils and even water in different ways, depending on the landscapes you're examining. "
Sarah Parcak
Changes
Water
Earth
" What these satellites do is they record light radiation that's reflected off the surface of the Earth in different parts of the light spectrum. We use false color imaging to try to tease out these very subtle differences on the ground. "
Sarah Parcak
Color
Try
Light
" Once archaeologists have shown possible 'new' ancient features, they can import the data into their iPads and take it to the field to do survey or excavation work. Technology doesn't mean we aren't digging in the dirt anymore - it's just that we know better where to dig. "
Sarah Parcak
Technology
Work
Know
" I try to tell a lot of stories to make my students aware that the world is a very cool place with many problems that need solving, and that they all can help solve them. "
Sarah Parcak
Place
Need
Problems
" Getting permission to use a drone in Egypt was problematical. "
Sarah Parcak
Getting
Egypt
Permission
" Satellites record data in different parts of the light spectrum that we can't see. And it's that information that allows satellites to be so powerful in terms of looking at things like vegetation health, finding different kinds of geology that may indicate an oil deposit or some kind of mineralogical deposit that can be mined. "
Sarah Parcak
Looking
Powerful
Data
" The majority of the research I do is archaeological research, but to me, as a professor, the most important thing is to encourage and mentor students. "
Sarah Parcak
Mentor
Research
Most
" I keep being surprised by the amount of archaeological sites and features that are left to find all over the world. "
Sarah Parcak
World
Surprised
Find
" I am honored to receive the TED Prize, but it's not about me; it's about our field - and the thousands of men and women around the world, particularly in the Middle East, who are defending and protecting sites. "
Sarah Parcak
Men
World
I Am
" You can theorize as much as you want about what you think you're seeing, but until you get out there and dig, you can't tell exactly what it is. "
Sarah Parcak
Seeing
Tell
Think
" I am one of many people documenting damage and looting at ancient sites from space - it is such a crucial tool. "
Sarah Parcak
Ancient
I Am
Many
" I've always loved teaching and reading and talking to people, and my grandfather was a professor. "
Sarah Parcak
Reading
People
Loved
" I think archaeologists are stuck, and we are losing our past at a very rapid rate. Tens of thousands of sites will be lost, and we've only unveiled a tiny percent of the past. "
Sarah Parcak
Think
Will
Losing
" Seeing sites and features in places where we never looked or never thought things might exist is causing archaeologists across the world to think deeper about their sites or entire cultures. "
Sarah Parcak
Seeing
World
Thought
" If you look at the Nile on a map of Egypt, you don't think it has moved very much, but the river is very violent and has moved over time. "
Sarah Parcak
Time
Think
River
" I am part of a network of people monitoring what's happening at ancient sites in Iraq and Syria - from space. We can see clearly the destruction. "
Sarah Parcak
Destruction
People
See
" It's an important tool to focus where we're excavating. It gives us a much bigger perspective on archaeological sites. We have to think bigger, and that's what the satellites allow us to do. "
Sarah Parcak
Perspective
Think
Focus
" If you really want to be a good archaeologist, you have to understand ancient DNA; you have to understand chemical analysis to figure out the composition of ancient pots. You have to be able to study human remains. You need to be able to do computer processing and, in some cases, computer programming. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Need
Good
" Less than 1 percent of ancient Egypt has been discovered and excavated. With population pressures, urbanization, and modernization encroaching, we're in a race against time. Why not use the most advanced tools we have to map, quantify, and protect our past? "
Sarah Parcak
Map
Egypt
Race
" We're using satellites to help map and model cultural features that could never be seen on the ground because they're obscured by modernization, forests, or soil. "
Sarah Parcak
Map
Ground
Help
" There are so many previously unknown sites and structures all over the world. And I think most importantly what satellites help to show us is we've actually only found a fraction of a percent of ancient settlements and sites all over the world. "
Sarah Parcak
Show
Help
World
" We've got to map all of our ancient history before it's gone because, let's face it, if we don't have a common heritage to share, something to get excited about, then what are we living for? "
Sarah Parcak
History
Living
Face
" There's even an aircraft sensor system that sends down hundreds of thousands of pulses of light measured at different return rates. It allows you to literally strip away vegetation and see entire cities beneath the rain forest canopy. This is the unbelievable future of archaeology. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Light
Future
" We want to excite the world about what's out there. But we don't want them to say, 'Oh, there are lots of sites in Egypt - let's loot.' "
Sarah Parcak
World
Oh
Egypt
" I've found numerous things - settlements, temples, possible pyramids, forts, roads - the list goes on and on. I'm not as interested in the discoveries as the types of questions they help us formulate. "
Sarah Parcak
Help
Us
Roads
" It's both Indiana Jones and 'National Geographic' that inspired me to be an Egyptologist. "
Sarah Parcak
National
Both
Indiana
" Satellite datasets like WorldView can see objects as small as 1.5 feet in diameter. In 2014, WorldView-3 will be able to see objects a small as a foot. "
Sarah Parcak
Feet
Small
See
" I played varsity soccer at Yale and continued playing at Cambridge. "
Sarah Parcak
Yale
Cambridge
Soccer
" How do you find a buried city in a vast landscape? Finding it randomly would be the equivalent of locating a needle in a haystack, blindfolded, wearing baseball mitts. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Finding
Baseball
" What if Hiram Bingham had the technology to find hundreds of other archaeological sites at the same time and create entire 3-D maps of the ancient landscape accurate to within a few inches? "
Sarah Parcak
Technology
Time
Create