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" Economics has paid a terrible price for its dalliances with the Keynesian and neoclassical theories. "
Edmund Phelps
Terrible
Price
Paid
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" If you rent, that's it. You don't have to pay any interest to anybody. You don't have to pay any maintenance costs to anybody. You don't have to worry about whether the boiler is going to break down. While if you own your own home, you have a hundred aggravations. "
Edmund Phelps
You
Down
Own
" Those of us born into vitalist and expressionist cultures must hope that governments will draw back from shutting down the modernist project of exploring, experimenting, and imagining - of voyaging into the unknown - that has been essential for rewarding lives. "
Edmund Phelps
Hope
Exploring
Down
" There's such a preoccupation with liquidity and such an unwillingness to invest beyond the horizon of the next quarter and making sure that the CEOs hit their quarterly earnings. "
Edmund Phelps
Invest
Horizon
Beyond
" In the 1960s, and stretching back to the 1930s, it was felt by many economists that easy money is a reliable way to increase employment. "
Edmund Phelps
Stretching
Way
Easy
" Raising the minimum wage seems to all economists to, at the very least, fail to 'raise' employment, and we'd all like to see better inclusion of low-skilled workers into good-paying jobs. "
Edmund Phelps
See
Better
Inclusion
" Workers in decent jobs view the economy as unjust if they or their children have virtually no chance of climbing to a higher rung in the socioeconomic ladder. "
Edmund Phelps
Economy
Children
View
" Most of the big banks were shot through with short-termism, deceptive practices and self-dealing. We must institute basic changes in corporate governance and in management practice to restore responsibility and honesty for the sake of the economy and for the self-respect of the country. "
Edmund Phelps
Responsibility
Practice
Honesty
" You have little representation of young black men in the business sector, so you have children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods who don't hear discussions at the dinner table about what goes on in business. It's almost as if we have two nations. "
Edmund Phelps
Children
Business
Dinner
" Everybody feels better about himself, his community, and his country if employers are paying workers well. Economics, though, teaches that if every employer is pressured to raise wages, some labor will be priced out of the market. "
Edmund Phelps
Better
Community
Country
" I'm not attacking the idea that people live in conglomerations of houses in proximity to one another, sharing the same water mains and the same newspaper delivery boy and so forth. I'm not objecting to that. That could happen with or without homeownership. "
Edmund Phelps
Live
Sharing
Water
" The fallacy of the neoclassicals is their tenet that total employment, though hit by shocks, can be said always to be heading back to some normal level. "
Edmund Phelps
Back
Always
Some
" The epic story of the West is the development in the 19th century of a mass prosperity the world had never seen and its near-disappearance in one nation after another in the 20th. "
Edmund Phelps
Nation
Development
Story
" Italy and France could lop off their excessive wealth through a one-time tax on private wealth. "
Edmund Phelps
France
Italy
Off
" Entrepreneurs' willingness to innovate or just to invest - and thus create new jobs - is driven by their 'animal spirits,' as they decide whether to leap into the void. "
Edmund Phelps
New
Just
Animal
" One reason why upturns follow downturns is that downturns tend to overshoot. People get panicky, they're afraid to stay the course, so they start selling. The other thing is that I think, as entrepreneurs keep on waiting to produce new things, that there's an accumulation of as-yet-unexploited new ideas that keeps mounting up. "
Edmund Phelps
Think
People
New Things
" For decades, my research was driven by outstanding problems in macroeconomics: mainly growth theory and employment theory. "
Edmund Phelps
Research
Problems
Growth
" Companies like Google and Facebook may offer jobs allowing or requiring imagination and creativity, but the whole of Silicon Valley accounts for only 3 percent of national income and a smaller percentage of national employment. "
Edmund Phelps
Valley
Imagination
Google
" With less competition to fear, companies are emboldened to raise their mark-ups and profits. That lifts share prices and thus the wealth of already wealthy shareholders. "
Edmund Phelps
Raise
Fear
Competition
" America's peak years of indigenous innovation ran from the 1820s to the 1960s. There were a few financial panics and two depressions, to be sure. But in this period, a frenzy of creative activity, economic competition and rapid growth in national income provided widening economic inclusion, rising wages for all, and engaging careers for most. "
Edmund Phelps
Growth
Competition
America
" I would like to see people dreaming of striking out on their own into some other country or their own, wherever they feel the action is, in the hope of an exciting and rewarding career. "
Edmund Phelps
People
Hope
Feel
" It was gradually learned that acceptance of a somewhat higher inflation rate would not really bring somewhat higher employment. "
Edmund Phelps
Bring
Inflation
Higher
" I just think that the Europeans are depriving themselves of a high-employment economy, and they are depriving themselves of intellectual stimulation in the workplace - and personal growth - by sticking to the stultifying, rigid system that I call corporatism. "
Edmund Phelps
Workplace
Growth
Think
" I think the 19th century is an extraordinary period with a welling up of creativity and all kinds of experimentation and exploration going on at least until 1940. "
Edmund Phelps
Creativity
Exploration
Think
" What brought mass innovation to a nation was not scientific advances - its own or others' - but 'economic dynamism': the desire and the space to innovate. "
Edmund Phelps
Nation
Desire
Space
" After a major loss of dynamism in the 1960s, productivity growth rates began dropping in most countries, falling by half in the U.S. in the 1970s and more or less ceasing altogether in France, Germany and Britain in the late 1990s. "
Edmund Phelps
Late
Half
Growth
" To pump up consumer or government demand would force interest rates up and asset prices down, possibly by enough to destroy more jobs than are created. "
Edmund Phelps
More
Government
Enough
" My God, I don't know anyone who likes to accumulate their wealth more than the Europeans. "
Edmund Phelps
God
Who
Likes
" I've lived to see key parts of my research absorbed in textbooks and in central banks around the world. And some finance ministries, too. "
Edmund Phelps
Key
Research
See
" Overpaying the banks for their toxic assets could contribute capital, but that may not be politically feasible or attractive. "
Edmund Phelps
Toxic
May
Capital
" I could try to incorporate or reflect in my models what it is that an employee, manager, or entrepreneur does: to recognize that most are engaged in their work, form expectations and evolve beliefs, solve problems, and have ideas. Trying to put these people into economic models became my project. "
Edmund Phelps
Ideas
Problems
People