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" That's what I want to do, ultimately: figure out a way to get the world engaged with discovery and protecting these ancient sites. "
Sarah Parcak
Discovery
World
Way
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" Discoveries aren't made by one person exploring by themselves. And discoveries aren't made overnight. People don't see the thousands of hours that go into it. "
Sarah Parcak
Exploring
Go
Person
" Archaeologists have used aerial photographs to map archaeological sites since the 1920s, while the use of infrared photography started in the 1960s, and satellite imagery was first used in the 1970s. "
Sarah Parcak
1920s
First
Map
" We've got to map all of our ancient history before it's gone because, let's face it, if we don't have a common heritage to share, something to get excited about, then what are we living for? "
Sarah Parcak
History
Living
Face
" Think about what would happen if Indiana Jones and Google Earth had a love child. I use high-resolution and NASA satellites and look for subtle differences on the surface of the earth that locate buried ancient pyramids and towns and ancient tombs, which we then go and excavate. "
Sarah Parcak
Think
Child
Differences
" I keep being surprised by the amount of archaeological sites and features that are left to find all over the world. "
Sarah Parcak
World
Surprised
Find
" We've found that patterns of site looting have increased between 500 and 1000 percent since the start of the Arab Spring. Now this is a problem as old as human beings. People were looting tombs 5,000 years ago in Egypt as soon as people were buried, but the problem is only getting worse and worse. "
Sarah Parcak
People
Start
Spring
" Looting and site destruction are global problems. We have a tough road ahead, and one key will be developing more collaborations and using new technologies like satellite imagery. "
Sarah Parcak
Problems
Road
Key
" In Egypt, I do survey work on the ground. That's really the most important part of using satellite images. You know, it helps us to find potential locations for sites, and then we get to go there on the ground and confirm what we've seen. "
Sarah Parcak
Potential
Know
Important
" When people initially think of the term 'space archaeologist,' they think, 'Oh, it's someone who uses satellites to look for alien settlements on Mars or in outer space,' but the opposite is true - we're actually looking for evidence of past human life on planet earth. "
Sarah Parcak
Life
Think
Space
" All over the world, we're finding out that, you know, whether it's Egypt or Syria or Central America, what satellites are showing is that there are hundreds, if not thousands, of previously unknown settlements all over the world, and what archaeology does, it helps us to understand this common humanity that we have. "
Sarah Parcak
World
You
America
" There's always a little jump to your heart when you realize you've got looting. "
Sarah Parcak
Heart
Always
You
" I'm looking at looting photos from space, and there are people putting their lives on the line every day protecting their heritage. I call these people the real culture heroes. "
Sarah Parcak
Day
People
Culture
" We have so many thousands of sites to find across the globe and new techniques to test. The field keeps evolving with the technology, which makes things exciting. "
Sarah Parcak
Things
Test
Technology
" I hope my work contributes to understanding long-term patterns of human behavior and how we survive, thrive, or fail during times of environmental, social, and economic crisis. "
Sarah Parcak
Environmental
Hope
Work
" The only technology that can 'see' beneath the ground is radar imagery. But satellite imagery also allows scientists to map short- and long-term changes to the Earth's surface. Buried archaeological remains affect the overlying vegetation, soils and even water in different ways, depending on the landscapes you're examining. "
Sarah Parcak
Changes
Water
Earth
" I think archaeologists are stuck, and we are losing our past at a very rapid rate. Tens of thousands of sites will be lost, and we've only unveiled a tiny percent of the past. "
Sarah Parcak
Think
Will
Losing
" Indiana Jones is old school; we've moved on from Indy. Sorry, Harrison Ford. "
Sarah Parcak
School
Old School
Indy
" What we did is we used NASA topography data to map out the landscape, very subtle changes. We started to be able to see where the Nile used to flow. "
Sarah Parcak
Data
See
Map
" There's even an aircraft sensor system that sends down hundreds of thousands of pulses of light measured at different return rates. It allows you to literally strip away vegetation and see entire cities beneath the rain forest canopy. This is the unbelievable future of archaeology. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Light
Future
" It's absolutely critical, you know, to train young men and women not just to find sites, but also to protect sites, especially in the wake of the Arab Spring. There's been significant site-looting in Egypt and elsewhere across the Middle East. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Train
Spring
" The majority of the research I do is archaeological research, but to me, as a professor, the most important thing is to encourage and mentor students. "
Sarah Parcak
Mentor
Research
Most
" Satellites record data in different parts of the light spectrum that we can't see. And it's that information that allows satellites to be so powerful in terms of looking at things like vegetation health, finding different kinds of geology that may indicate an oil deposit or some kind of mineralogical deposit that can be mined. "
Sarah Parcak
Looking
Powerful
Data
" Satellite imagery is the only way we can map the looting patterns effectively. "
Sarah Parcak
Patterns
Imagery
Way
" It's both Indiana Jones and 'National Geographic' that inspired me to be an Egyptologist. "
Sarah Parcak
National
Both
Indiana
" Archaeologists use datasets from NASA and commercial satellites, processing the information using various off-the-shelf computer programs. These datasets allow us to see beyond the visible part of the light spectrum into the near, middle, and far infrared. "
Sarah Parcak
NASA
Beyond
Information
" Choosing an unconventional career path - I am not a traditional Egyptologist by any means. I found what I love, and I have stuck with it. "
Sarah Parcak
Path
Career
Career Path
" You think looting is bad in Egypt, look at Peru, India, China. I've been told in China there are over a quarter-million archaeological sites, and most have been looted. This is a global problem of massive proportions, and we don't know the scale. "
Sarah Parcak
Think
Know
Problem
" Before doing fieldwork in Middle Egypt, I analyzed satellite imagery to determine exactly where I wanted to go. Within three weeks, I found about 70 sites. If I had approached this as a traditional foot survey, it would have taken me three and a half years. "
Sarah Parcak
Me
Survey
Three
" I predict that there are hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of undiscovered ancient sites across the globe. The only way to map them and locate them quickly is from satellites. "
Sarah Parcak
Globe
Way
Only
" Looting has an immense impact on our ability to understand our global cultural heritage; once these objects are gone, so too is our chance of piecing together humanity's shared story. "
Sarah Parcak
Story
Together
Chance