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" To prosper and advance, the American business sector is going to need a financial system oriented toward business, not 'home ownership.' "
Edmund Phelps
Business
Financial
Home
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" I would like to see people dreaming of striking out on their own into some other country or their own, wherever they feel the action is, in the hope of an exciting and rewarding career. "
Edmund Phelps
People
Hope
Feel
" I started to think about what drives innovation and what its social significance might be. The next step was to think innovators are taking a leap into the unknown. That led me to the thought that it is also a source of fun and employee engagement. "
Edmund Phelps
Step
Thought
Innovation
" The difficulties of many European countries derive from their corporatism: state projects serving cronies and vast social protection programmes, both run by elites. These surged in the 1970s and 1980s. "
Edmund Phelps
Difficulties
Serving
Run
" When the word 'morality' comes up in connection with economics, income distribution and financial stability are usually the issues. Is it moral for rich countries to use such a high proportion of the world's resources or for investment bankers to earn large bonuses? "
Edmund Phelps
Rich
Financial
Economics
" I've lived to see key parts of my research absorbed in textbooks and in central banks around the world. And some finance ministries, too. "
Edmund Phelps
Key
Research
See
" My view is that innovation has declined in the everyday processes that businesses tinker with incrementally as they try to become more productive over time. "
Edmund Phelps
Try
Everyday
View
" As a grandson of farmers in downstate Illinois, I have long admired the dedication of farmers to their work and have written about the role of agriculture in American innovation. "
Edmund Phelps
Work
American
Dedication
" Democrats and Republicans have been very keen to make home ownership almost a national purpose. "
Edmund Phelps
Ownership
Home
Democrats
" I'm old enough to remember in the 1930s and the 1940s when thrift, frugality, was considered an important virtue. "
Edmund Phelps
Old
Remember
Enough
" Liberal redistributionists in favor of heavy taxation place less weight on incentive than do small-government conservatives. "
Edmund Phelps
Liberal
Place
Taxation
" Developing new products is labour- intensive. So is producing the capital goods needed to make them. These jobs disappear when innovation stalls. "
Edmund Phelps
New
Disappear
Innovation
" Things can get only so bad. People want to eat, so at some point they resist further cuts to their consumption - it's not a bottomless pit. "
Edmund Phelps
Eat
Only
People
" You have little representation of young black men in the business sector, so you have children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods who don't hear discussions at the dinner table about what goes on in business. It's almost as if we have two nations. "
Edmund Phelps
Children
Business
Dinner
" Well into the 20th century, scholars viewed economic advances as resulting from commercial innovations enabled by the discoveries of scientists - discoveries that come from outside the economy and out of the blue. "
Edmund Phelps
Outside
Blue
Well
" For decades, my research was driven by outstanding problems in macroeconomics: mainly growth theory and employment theory. "
Edmund Phelps
Research
Problems
Growth
" Entrepreneurs have only the murkiest picture of the future in which they are making their bets, and also there is ambiguity: they don't know when they push this lever or that lever that the outcome is going to be what they think it is going to be - there is the law of unanticipated consequences. "
Edmund Phelps
Push
Think
Picture
" Economists of a classical bent lay a large part of the decline of employment, and thus lagging output, to a contraction of labour supply. "
Edmund Phelps
Output
Large
Employment
" I didn't do my work for money or prizes - only for the excitement of discovery. "
Edmund Phelps
Discovery
Money
Only
" In essence, capitalist systems are a mechanism by which economies may generate growth in knowledge - with much uncertainty in the process, owing to the incompleteness of knowledge. "
Edmund Phelps
Process
Growth
Knowledge
" There would be plenty of justification to raise revenues in order to subsidize businesses that employ low-wage workers. But there can be no justification for pandering to the economy's entire bottom half merely to attract its votes. "
Edmund Phelps
Attract
Economy
Workers
" Everybody feels better about himself, his community, and his country if employers are paying workers well. Economics, though, teaches that if every employer is pressured to raise wages, some labor will be priced out of the market. "
Edmund Phelps
Better
Community
Country
" Expertise and judgment in the art of lending for novel ventures must be reacquired. "
Edmund Phelps
Expertise
Must
Judgment
" Corporatist attitudes against capitalism came to the fore in the 1920s. Corporatists, with their conservative values, hated the invasion of towns and regions by new businesses, upsetting traditional ways, wealth and status. "
Edmund Phelps
Capitalism
Wealth
Values
" There's such a preoccupation with liquidity and such an unwillingness to invest beyond the horizon of the next quarter and making sure that the CEOs hit their quarterly earnings. "
Edmund Phelps
Invest
Horizon
Beyond
" Companies like Google and Facebook may offer jobs allowing or requiring imagination and creativity, but the whole of Silicon Valley accounts for only 3 percent of national income and a smaller percentage of national employment. "
Edmund Phelps
Valley
Imagination
Google
" Disciples of Keynes, who focus on aggregate demand, view any increase in household wealth as raising employment because they say it adds to consumer demand. "
Edmund Phelps
Focus
Wealth
View
" Capitalist systems function less well without state protection of investors, lenders, and companies against monopoly, deception, and fraud. "
Edmund Phelps
Protection
Deception
Without
" Workers in decent jobs view the economy as unjust if they or their children have virtually no chance of climbing to a higher rung in the socioeconomic ladder. "
Edmund Phelps
Economy
Children
View
" A modern economy is marked by the feasibility of endogenous change: Modernization brings myriad arrangements from expanded property rights to company law and financial institutions. "
Edmund Phelps
Rights
Financial
Company
" The celebration of homeownership seems to be part of a countermovement against popular owning of shares in corporations. "
Edmund Phelps
Owning
Against
Celebration