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" I'm old enough to remember in the 1930s and the 1940s when thrift, frugality, was considered an important virtue. "
Edmund Phelps
Old
Remember
Enough
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" If you rent, that's it. You don't have to pay any interest to anybody. You don't have to pay any maintenance costs to anybody. You don't have to worry about whether the boiler is going to break down. While if you own your own home, you have a hundred aggravations. "
Edmund Phelps
You
Down
Own
" Capitalist systems function less well without state protection of investors, lenders, and companies against monopoly, deception, and fraud. "
Edmund Phelps
Protection
Deception
Without
" Raising the minimum wage seems to all economists to, at the very least, fail to 'raise' employment, and we'd all like to see better inclusion of low-skilled workers into good-paying jobs. "
Edmund Phelps
See
Better
Inclusion
" Narrow banks could restart effective intermediation and ensure that consumers and employment-creating small and medium-size enterprises are adequately financed and can contribute to the reactivation of the economy. "
Edmund Phelps
Consumers
Small
Economy
" I attended Amherst College from 1951 to 1955. The first two years were a revelation. There were innumerable exchanges with brilliant classmates, among them the playwright Ralph Allen, the classics scholar Robert Fagles, and the composer Michael Sahl. "
Edmund Phelps
Brilliant
Two
College
" As a grandson of farmers in downstate Illinois, I have long admired the dedication of farmers to their work and have written about the role of agriculture in American innovation. "
Edmund Phelps
Work
American
Dedication
" Liberal redistributionists in favor of heavy taxation place less weight on incentive than do small-government conservatives. "
Edmund Phelps
Liberal
Place
Taxation
" Statistical studies are all over the lot about the pluses and minuses of raising the minimum wage. "
Edmund Phelps
Lot
About
Minimum Wage
" A healthy economics has got to have both conceptual, theoretical research and applied, empirical research. "
Edmund Phelps
Healthy
Research
Both
" In Greece, Italy and, to a lesser extent, France, unsustainable tax cuts and spending sprees added to households' estimates of their private wealth relative to their wage income. "
Edmund Phelps
Italy
Tax
Wage
" Everybody feels better about himself, his community, and his country if employers are paying workers well. Economics, though, teaches that if every employer is pressured to raise wages, some labor will be priced out of the market. "
Edmund Phelps
Better
Community
Country
" Unemployment rates tend to rise and fall in roughly equal proportion at all rungs of the ladder, and that happened between 1973 and 1985. "
Edmund Phelps
Unemployment
Equal
Ladder
" Expertise and judgment in the art of lending for novel ventures must be reacquired. "
Edmund Phelps
Expertise
Must
Judgment
" An indictment of entitlements has to focus on the huge 'social wealth' that the welfare state creates at the stroke of the pen. Yet statistical tests of the effects of welfare spending on employment yield erratic results. "
Edmund Phelps
Focus
Tests
Pen
" The fallacy of the neoclassicals is their tenet that total employment, though hit by shocks, can be said always to be heading back to some normal level. "
Edmund Phelps
Back
Always
Some
" One reason why upturns follow downturns is that downturns tend to overshoot. People get panicky, they're afraid to stay the course, so they start selling. The other thing is that I think, as entrepreneurs keep on waiting to produce new things, that there's an accumulation of as-yet-unexploited new ideas that keeps mounting up. "
Edmund Phelps
Think
People
New Things
" Economics has paid a terrible price for its dalliances with the Keynesian and neoclassical theories. "
Edmund Phelps
Terrible
Price
Paid
" At the simplest level, economics can better show us the consequences of our actions. Less simple are cases in which we don't have the knowledge to predict the full consequences. Global warming and climate change are examples. "
Edmund Phelps
Better
Knowledge
Change
" I would like to see people dreaming of striking out on their own into some other country or their own, wherever they feel the action is, in the hope of an exciting and rewarding career. "
Edmund Phelps
People
Hope
Feel
" A nation's economy is more than its markets, tastes, technologies and property rights. "
Edmund Phelps
Rights
Economy
More
" Unemployment determination in a modern economy was the main subject area of my research from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s and again from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s. "
Edmund Phelps
Early
Research
Determination
" Without being aware, I think I was being indoctrinated into what was called Vitalism, the idea that what makes life worth living, the good life, consists of accepting challenges, solving problems, discovery, personal growth, personal change. "
Edmund Phelps
Life
Challenges
Change
" To pump up consumer or government demand would force interest rates up and asset prices down, possibly by enough to destroy more jobs than are created. "
Edmund Phelps
More
Government
Enough
" Italy and France could lop off their excessive wealth through a one-time tax on private wealth. "
Edmund Phelps
France
Italy
Off
" Workers in decent jobs view the economy as unjust if they or their children have virtually no chance of climbing to a higher rung in the socioeconomic ladder. "
Edmund Phelps
Economy
Children
View
" My view is that innovation has declined in the everyday processes that businesses tinker with incrementally as they try to become more productive over time. "
Edmund Phelps
Try
Everyday
View
" An economy open to new concepts and novel ventures is bound to generate unequal gains. "
Edmund Phelps
Bound
Concepts
Economy
" You have little representation of young black men in the business sector, so you have children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods who don't hear discussions at the dinner table about what goes on in business. It's almost as if we have two nations. "
Edmund Phelps
Children
Business
Dinner
" The difficulties of many European countries derive from their corporatism: state projects serving cronies and vast social protection programmes, both run by elites. These surged in the 1970s and 1980s. "
Edmund Phelps
Difficulties
Serving
Run
" Mass prosperity came with the mass innovation that sprung up in 1815 in Britain, soon after in America, and later in Germany and France: It brought sustained growth to these nations - also to nations with entrepreneurs willing and able to copy the innovations. "
Edmund Phelps
America
Copy
Growth