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" Twentieth-century welfare state capitalism was historically unique in that national income was split between wages and profits, labour and capital. "
Guy Standing
Capitalism
Unique
Wages
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" Most existing national capital funds have been built up from royalties from oil and other minerals. They need not be limited that way. Most are anything but democratic. That could be changed. "
Guy Standing
Anything
Most
Need
" Across Europe, not just in the U.K., the old Beveridge and Bismarckian variants of the welfare state have been dismantled. In their place has been erected a mish-mash of means-tested, behaviour-tested social assistance, with a growing tendency to force young unemployed into workfare schemes, which are helping to depress real wages. "
Guy Standing
Force
Place
Young
" Many low-income people in the U.S.A. charged with a crime opt to plead guilty to a lesser offence because they cannot afford to go to trial. "
Guy Standing
Because
Crime
Go
" A primary justification for a basic income is social justice. "
Guy Standing
Social
Social Justice
Basic
" People in the precariat rely very heavily on money wages. "
Guy Standing
Very
Money
Rely
" The precariat is today's mass class, which is both dangerous, in rejecting old political party agendas, and transformative, in wanting to become strong enough to be able to abolish itself, to abolish the conditions of insecurity and inequality that define it. "
Guy Standing
Insecurity
Today
Strong
" Politicians should reflect on the well-documented fact that fearful, insecure people lose their sense of tolerance and altruism. "
Guy Standing
Lose
People
Politicians
" I don't see basic income as a panacea, but we must have a new income distribution system. The old one has broken down irretrievably. "
Guy Standing
System
Old
New
" Globalisation began what should be called the Great Convergence, creating a globalising labour market in which wages in emerging market economies slowly converge with wages in rich economies, generating a steady drop in real wages across Europe. "
Guy Standing
Rich
Creating
Drop
" The primary value of a basic income would be its emancipatory effect. "
Guy Standing
Value
Income
Basic
" We are in an era of chronic insecurity and growing inequalities. In that context, we need to have new mechanisms for income distribution which give people a sense of security. "
Guy Standing
People
Growing
Security
" The precariat can be divided into three further groups - atavists, who look back to a lost past; nostalgics, who look forlornly for a present, a home; and progressives, who look for a lost future. "
Guy Standing
Future
Home
Lost
" The Latin root of 'precariousness' is 'to obtain by prayer.' The precariat must ask for favours, for charity, to show obsequiousness, to plead with figures of authority. It is degrading and stigmatizing. "
Guy Standing
Prayer
Charity
Ask
" Although the precariat does not consist simply of victims, since many in it challenge their parents' labouring ethic, its growth has been accelerated by the neoliberalism of globalisation, which put faith in labour market flexibility, the commodification of everything, and the restructuring of social protection. "
Guy Standing
Faith
Challenge
Growth
" Collective action remains the best way of renewing the march towards the great trinity of liberty, equality, and solidarity. "
Guy Standing
Liberty
Action
Best
" Every progressive movement has been built on the anger, needs, and aspirations of the emerging major class. "
Guy Standing
Progressive
Class
Anger
" Capital is taxed much less than labour; subsidies going to capital, the rich, and middle-income earners greatly exceed the benefits going to the precariat and underclass. "
Guy Standing
Rich
Much
Less
" A multi-tier social protection system must be based on a modest basic income so as to enable the precariat to build lives involving a balance of different types of work, not just labour in jobs. "
Guy Standing
System
Protection
Build
" The precariat faces chronic uncertainty about what to do, about what incomes to expect, about state benefits that might be their due, about their relationships, their homes, and about the occupations they can realistically expect. "
Guy Standing
Relationships
Expect
Due
" If the scale of gas is anything like the claims made by its advocates, it has major implications for the economy and British society. Besides its worrying environmental aspects, it could have adverse effects on income distribution. "
Guy Standing
Economy
Society
Like
" If you're healthier, you tend to have a lower demand for health services. "
Guy Standing
Health
You
Lower
" What distinguishes a commons is that it is not private property, does not have a price, and is oriented towards 'use value' rather than 'exchange value.' It does not exist to generate profits. "
Guy Standing
Price
Property
Value
" Means-tested benefits have one incredible feature in that they impose huge poverty traps. "
Guy Standing
Impose
Poverty
Incredible
" The precariat consists of a growing proportion of our total society. It is being habituated to accept a life of unstable labour and unstable living. Often they're unable to say what their occupation is, because what they're doing now might be quite different from what they were doing three months ago. "
Guy Standing
Growing
Life
Living
" The World Bank and others have been converted to conditional cash transfers (CCT). These provide poor people with cash on condition they send their children to school and for medical treatment. "
Guy Standing
Medical
Children
School
" In financial affairs and dealings with the state, those in the precariat are disadvantaged since they are usually less well-informed and have to do much more to satisfy demands made on them if they want to gain meagre state benefits. "
Guy Standing
Want
Less
Financial
" The precariatised mind is one without anchors, flitting from subject to subject, in the extreme suffering from attention deficit disorder. But it is also nomadic in its dealings with other people. "
Guy Standing
People
Suffering
Mind
" Globalisation, technological change, and the move to flexible labour markets has channelled more and more income to rentiers - those owning financial, physical, or so-called intellectual property - while real wages stagnate. "
Guy Standing
Intellectual
Change
Financial
" Think of a public library, worth more for those who cannot afford numerous books. Think of a public waterway or fishing ground. All types of commons have imputed monetary value that together comprise a source of social income. As such, the commons reduces economic inequality and insecurity in society. "
Guy Standing
Value
Society
Fishing
" People want to work, but they don't want to necessarily want to do labour. "
Guy Standing
People
Necessarily
Want