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" I don't think the economy telegraphs very clearly where it's going. "
Edmund Phelps
Where
Clearly
Economy
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" In America, black urban teenagers have long been lacking in inclusion. In France, there is a comparable lack of inclusion among North Africans. In much of Europe, there has been little attempt to include the Roma. "
Edmund Phelps
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" An economy open to new concepts and novel ventures is bound to generate unequal gains. "
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" After a major loss of dynamism in the 1960s, productivity growth rates began dropping in most countries, falling by half in the U.S. in the 1970s and more or less ceasing altogether in France, Germany and Britain in the late 1990s. "
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" Liberal redistributionists in favor of heavy taxation place less weight on incentive than do small-government conservatives. "
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" Entrepreneurs' willingness to innovate or just to invest - and thus create new jobs - is driven by their 'animal spirits,' as they decide whether to leap into the void. "
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" The celebration of homeownership seems to be part of a countermovement against popular owning of shares in corporations. "
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" Capitalist systems function less well without state protection of investors, lenders, and companies against monopoly, deception, and fraud. "
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Protection
Deception
Without
" What brought mass innovation to a nation was not scientific advances - its own or others' - but 'economic dynamism': the desire and the space to innovate. "
Edmund Phelps
Nation
Desire
Space
" Entrepreneurs have only the murkiest picture of the future in which they are making their bets, and also there is ambiguity: they don't know when they push this lever or that lever that the outcome is going to be what they think it is going to be - there is the law of unanticipated consequences. "
Edmund Phelps
Push
Think
Picture
" Unemployment determination in a modern economy was the main subject area of my research from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s and again from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s. "
Edmund Phelps
Early
Research
Determination
" Italy and France could lop off their excessive wealth through a one-time tax on private wealth. "
Edmund Phelps
France
Italy
Off
" I could try to incorporate or reflect in my models what it is that an employee, manager, or entrepreneur does: to recognize that most are engaged in their work, form expectations and evolve beliefs, solve problems, and have ideas. Trying to put these people into economic models became my project. "
Edmund Phelps
Ideas
Problems
People
" I grew up thinking that renting is perfectly normal. And then, strangely enough, I never did buy a house. I live in New York City, and I'm still renting. My own personal narrative shows that it is possible to live a respectable life without ever having owned a home. "
Edmund Phelps
Home
Live
Life
" No amount of debt restructuring, even debt forgiveness, will help the Greeks achieve real prosperity. What they need is not short-term relief but, rather, a long-term cure. "
Edmund Phelps
Forgiveness
Achieve
Help
" The 1920s and 1930s were a period of sensational productivity growth: new products were springing up all over the place, and most of those new products and new methods were developed by people who started their own companies. "
Edmund Phelps
Own
Place
People
" Well into the 20th century, scholars viewed economic advances as resulting from commercial innovations enabled by the discoveries of scientists - discoveries that come from outside the economy and out of the blue. "
Edmund Phelps
Outside
Blue
Well
" I didn't do my work for money or prizes - only for the excitement of discovery. "
Edmund Phelps
Discovery
Money
Only
" The level of dynamism is a matter of how fertile the country is in coming up with innovative ideas having prospects of profitability, how adept it is at identifying and nourishing the ideas with the best prospects, and how prepared it is in evaluating and trying out the new products and methods that are launched onto the market. "
Edmund Phelps
Ideas
Country
Best
" Unemployment rates tend to rise and fall in roughly equal proportion at all rungs of the ladder, and that happened between 1973 and 1985. "
Edmund Phelps
Unemployment
Equal
Ladder
" The difficulties of many European countries derive from their corporatism: state projects serving cronies and vast social protection programmes, both run by elites. These surged in the 1970s and 1980s. "
Edmund Phelps
Difficulties
Serving
Run
" The best part of the high school in Hastings must have been the Music Department. Its orchestra and concert band did well in county competitions, and the dance band formed by its students was the best in the region. I played lead trumpet in all of them. "
Edmund Phelps
Dance
Best
High School
" It was gradually learned that acceptance of a somewhat higher inflation rate would not really bring somewhat higher employment. "
Edmund Phelps
Bring
Inflation
Higher
" With less competition to fear, companies are emboldened to raise their mark-ups and profits. That lifts share prices and thus the wealth of already wealthy shareholders. "
Edmund Phelps
Raise
Fear
Competition
" As a grandson of farmers in downstate Illinois, I have long admired the dedication of farmers to their work and have written about the role of agriculture in American innovation. "
Edmund Phelps
Work
American
Dedication
" Mass prosperity came with the mass innovation that sprung up in 1815 in Britain, soon after in America, and later in Germany and France: It brought sustained growth to these nations - also to nations with entrepreneurs willing and able to copy the innovations. "
Edmund Phelps
America
Copy
Growth
" I'm old enough to remember in the 1930s and the 1940s when thrift, frugality, was considered an important virtue. "
Edmund Phelps
Old
Remember
Enough
" My view is that innovation has declined in the everyday processes that businesses tinker with incrementally as they try to become more productive over time. "
Edmund Phelps
Try
Everyday
View
" There's such a preoccupation with liquidity and such an unwillingness to invest beyond the horizon of the next quarter and making sure that the CEOs hit their quarterly earnings. "
Edmund Phelps
Invest
Horizon
Beyond
" My God, I don't know anyone who likes to accumulate their wealth more than the Europeans. "
Edmund Phelps
God
Who
Likes
" At the simplest level, economics can better show us the consequences of our actions. Less simple are cases in which we don't have the knowledge to predict the full consequences. Global warming and climate change are examples. "
Edmund Phelps
Better
Knowledge
Change