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" Unemployment rates tend to rise and fall in roughly equal proportion at all rungs of the ladder, and that happened between 1973 and 1985. "
Edmund Phelps
Unemployment
Equal
Ladder
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" I started to think about what drives innovation and what its social significance might be. The next step was to think innovators are taking a leap into the unknown. That led me to the thought that it is also a source of fun and employee engagement. "
Edmund Phelps
Step
Thought
Innovation
" I attended Amherst College from 1951 to 1955. The first two years were a revelation. There were innumerable exchanges with brilliant classmates, among them the playwright Ralph Allen, the classics scholar Robert Fagles, and the composer Michael Sahl. "
Edmund Phelps
Brilliant
Two
College
" A modern economy is marked by the feasibility of endogenous change: Modernization brings myriad arrangements from expanded property rights to company law and financial institutions. "
Edmund Phelps
Rights
Financial
Company
" When I was a teenager, I learned to play the trumpet. Music became my passion. "
Edmund Phelps
Music
Learned
Trumpet
" When the word 'morality' comes up in connection with economics, income distribution and financial stability are usually the issues. Is it moral for rich countries to use such a high proportion of the world's resources or for investment bankers to earn large bonuses? "
Edmund Phelps
Rich
Financial
Economics
" My thinking has always been that the worst problem we have with regard to lack of inclusion is the terribly low labor force participation rates and terribly high unemployment rates of young men, especially young men in ethnic minority groups and, in particular, young black men. "
Edmund Phelps
Young
Men
Problem
" America's peak years of indigenous innovation ran from the 1820s to the 1960s. There were a few financial panics and two depressions, to be sure. But in this period, a frenzy of creative activity, economic competition and rapid growth in national income provided widening economic inclusion, rising wages for all, and engaging careers for most. "
Edmund Phelps
Growth
Competition
America
" Statistical studies are all over the lot about the pluses and minuses of raising the minimum wage. "
Edmund Phelps
Lot
About
Minimum Wage
" Without being aware, I think I was being indoctrinated into what was called Vitalism, the idea that what makes life worth living, the good life, consists of accepting challenges, solving problems, discovery, personal growth, personal change. "
Edmund Phelps
Life
Challenges
Change
" Most of the big banks were shot through with short-termism, deceptive practices and self-dealing. We must institute basic changes in corporate governance and in management practice to restore responsibility and honesty for the sake of the economy and for the self-respect of the country. "
Edmund Phelps
Responsibility
Practice
Honesty
" At the simplest level, economics can better show us the consequences of our actions. Less simple are cases in which we don't have the knowledge to predict the full consequences. Global warming and climate change are examples. "
Edmund Phelps
Better
Knowledge
Change
" The Keynesian belief that 'demand' is always at the root of underemployment and slow growth is a fallacy. "
Edmund Phelps
Belief
Growth
Slow
" My view is that innovation has declined in the everyday processes that businesses tinker with incrementally as they try to become more productive over time. "
Edmund Phelps
Try
Everyday
View
" Those of us born into vitalist and expressionist cultures must hope that governments will draw back from shutting down the modernist project of exploring, experimenting, and imagining - of voyaging into the unknown - that has been essential for rewarding lives. "
Edmund Phelps
Hope
Exploring
Down
" With less competition to fear, companies are emboldened to raise their mark-ups and profits. That lifts share prices and thus the wealth of already wealthy shareholders. "
Edmund Phelps
Raise
Fear
Competition
" An economy open to new concepts and novel ventures is bound to generate unequal gains. "
Edmund Phelps
Bound
Concepts
Economy
" The 1920s and 1930s were a period of sensational productivity growth: new products were springing up all over the place, and most of those new products and new methods were developed by people who started their own companies. "
Edmund Phelps
Own
Place
People
" There's such a preoccupation with liquidity and such an unwillingness to invest beyond the horizon of the next quarter and making sure that the CEOs hit their quarterly earnings. "
Edmund Phelps
Invest
Horizon
Beyond
" No amount of debt restructuring, even debt forgiveness, will help the Greeks achieve real prosperity. What they need is not short-term relief but, rather, a long-term cure. "
Edmund Phelps
Forgiveness
Achieve
Help
" I'm hoping that the administration and other thought leaders will succeed eventually in bringing the country back to the older idea that the American dream is having a career, getting a job, and getting involved in it, and doing well. That was the core of the good life. "
Edmund Phelps
Thought
American Dream
Life
" I'm not attacking the idea that people live in conglomerations of houses in proximity to one another, sharing the same water mains and the same newspaper delivery boy and so forth. I'm not objecting to that. That could happen with or without homeownership. "
Edmund Phelps
Live
Sharing
Water
" There would be plenty of justification to raise revenues in order to subsidize businesses that employ low-wage workers. But there can be no justification for pandering to the economy's entire bottom half merely to attract its votes. "
Edmund Phelps
Attract
Economy
Workers
" If you rent, that's it. You don't have to pay any interest to anybody. You don't have to pay any maintenance costs to anybody. You don't have to worry about whether the boiler is going to break down. While if you own your own home, you have a hundred aggravations. "
Edmund Phelps
You
Down
Own
" Democrats and Republicans have been very keen to make home ownership almost a national purpose. "
Edmund Phelps
Ownership
Home
Democrats
" For decades, my research was driven by outstanding problems in macroeconomics: mainly growth theory and employment theory. "
Edmund Phelps
Research
Problems
Growth
" I would like to see people dreaming of striking out on their own into some other country or their own, wherever they feel the action is, in the hope of an exciting and rewarding career. "
Edmund Phelps
People
Hope
Feel
" Germany, Italy and France appear to possess less dynamism than do the U.S. and the others. "
Edmund Phelps
France
Germany
Italy
" In Greece, Italy and, to a lesser extent, France, unsustainable tax cuts and spending sprees added to households' estimates of their private wealth relative to their wage income. "
Edmund Phelps
Italy
Tax
Wage
" In societies where one sees a higher prevalence of 'modern values' - individualism, vitalism and self-expression - there's also higher reported job satisfaction. "
Edmund Phelps
Where
Job
Modern
" The celebration of homeownership seems to be part of a countermovement against popular owning of shares in corporations. "
Edmund Phelps
Owning
Against
Celebration