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" People were looting tombs 5,000 years ago in Egypt as soon as people were buried, but the problem is only getting worse and worse. "
Sarah Parcak
Problem
Only
Egypt
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" A picture is worth a thousand words. A satellite image is worth a million dollars. "
Sarah Parcak
Words
Image
Picture
" We have so many issues with overpopulation and urbanization and site looting. And this isn't just Egypt. This is everywhere in the world, even in America. So we only have a limited amount of time left before many archaeological sites all over the world are destroyed. "
Sarah Parcak
Time
Egypt
America
" Looting speaks to a lack of economic opportunities - frankly, we all would loot, too, if our families' continued survival depended on it. "
Sarah Parcak
Survival
Economic
Lack
" Before doing fieldwork in Middle Egypt, I analyzed satellite imagery to determine exactly where I wanted to go. Within three weeks, I found about 70 sites. If I had approached this as a traditional foot survey, it would have taken me three and a half years. "
Sarah Parcak
Me
Survey
Three
" The majority of the research I do is archaeological research, but to me, as a professor, the most important thing is to encourage and mentor students. "
Sarah Parcak
Mentor
Research
Most
" I give my grandfather, Dr Harold Young, a forestry Professor at the University of Maine, full credit for my career path. He pioneered the use of aerial photography in forestry in the 1950s, and we think he worked as a spy for the CIA during the Cold War, mapping Russian installations. "
Sarah Parcak
Photography
War
Think
" Satellites record data in different parts of the light spectrum that we can't see. And it's that information that allows satellites to be so powerful in terms of looking at things like vegetation health, finding different kinds of geology that may indicate an oil deposit or some kind of mineralogical deposit that can be mined. "
Sarah Parcak
Looking
Powerful
Data
" What these satellites do is they record light radiation that's reflected off the surface of the Earth in different parts of the light spectrum. We use false color imaging to try to tease out these very subtle differences on the ground. "
Sarah Parcak
Color
Try
Light
" Imagery is powerful. Imagery is provocative - satellite imagery much more so because it is from space, and it allows us to get this perspective that we don't have to have otherwise. "
Sarah Parcak
Perspective
Space
Us
" I've found numerous things - settlements, temples, possible pyramids, forts, roads - the list goes on and on. I'm not as interested in the discoveries as the types of questions they help us formulate. "
Sarah Parcak
Help
Us
Roads
" You think looting is bad in Egypt, look at Peru, India, China. I've been told in China there are over a quarter-million archaeological sites, and most have been looted. This is a global problem of massive proportions, and we don't know the scale. "
Sarah Parcak
Think
Know
Problem
" Looting and site destruction are global problems. We have a tough road ahead, and one key will be developing more collaborations and using new technologies like satellite imagery. "
Sarah Parcak
Problems
Road
Key
" Choosing an unconventional career path - I am not a traditional Egyptologist by any means. I found what I love, and I have stuck with it. "
Sarah Parcak
Path
Career
Career Path
" Less than 1 percent of ancient Egypt has been discovered and excavated. With population pressures, urbanization, and modernization encroaching, we're in a race against time. Why not use the most advanced tools we have to map, quantify, and protect our past? "
Sarah Parcak
Map
Egypt
Race
" I played varsity soccer at Yale and continued playing at Cambridge. "
Sarah Parcak
Yale
Cambridge
Soccer
" I've always loved teaching and reading and talking to people, and my grandfather was a professor. "
Sarah Parcak
Reading
People
Loved
" We only have a limited amount of time left before many archaeological sites all over the world are destroyed. So we have to be really selective about where we dig. "
Sarah Parcak
Dig
Only
Over
" All over the world, we're finding out that, you know, whether it's Egypt or Syria or Central America, what satellites are showing is that there are hundreds, if not thousands, of previously unknown settlements all over the world, and what archaeology does, it helps us to understand this common humanity that we have. "
Sarah Parcak
World
You
America
" We emphasise the features on satellite maps by adding colours to farmland, urban structures, archaeological sites, vegetation and water. "
Sarah Parcak
Colours
Maps
Water
" What if Hiram Bingham had the technology to find hundreds of other archaeological sites at the same time and create entire 3-D maps of the ancient landscape accurate to within a few inches? "
Sarah Parcak
Technology
Time
Create
" We've found that patterns of site looting have increased between 500 and 1000 percent since the start of the Arab Spring. Now this is a problem as old as human beings. People were looting tombs 5,000 years ago in Egypt as soon as people were buried, but the problem is only getting worse and worse. "
Sarah Parcak
People
Start
Spring
" I think archaeologists are stuck, and we are losing our past at a very rapid rate. Tens of thousands of sites will be lost, and we've only unveiled a tiny percent of the past. "
Sarah Parcak
Think
Will
Losing
" I'm looking at looting photos from space, and there are people putting their lives on the line every day protecting their heritage. I call these people the real culture heroes. "
Sarah Parcak
Day
People
Culture
" Scorpions like holes. We had to put our arms in the holes to dig out the smelting residues. We always performed critter checks before an excavation, but one morning, I put an arm in and felt a sharp pierce. When I brought my hand out, it was red and already swelling. "
Sarah Parcak
Like
Red
Morning
" We're literally just beginning to learn how to use satellites to find sites. More and more people are realizing there's this incredible tool. "
Sarah Parcak
People
Beginning
Learn
" If you really want to be a good archaeologist, you have to understand ancient DNA; you have to understand chemical analysis to figure out the composition of ancient pots. You have to be able to study human remains. You need to be able to do computer processing and, in some cases, computer programming. "
Sarah Parcak
You
Need
Good
" Satellite datasets like WorldView can see objects as small as 1.5 feet in diameter. In 2014, WorldView-3 will be able to see objects a small as a foot. "
Sarah Parcak
Feet
Small
See
" The most exciting moment as an archaeologist happened when I was looking at the great archaeology site of Tannis, which of course we all know from 'Indiana Jones.' We got satellite imagery of the city of Tannis, we processed it, and literally from thousands of miles away from my lab in Alabama, we were able to map the entire city. "
Sarah Parcak
City
Map
Great
" When people initially think of the term 'space archaeologist,' they think, 'Oh, it's someone who uses satellites to look for alien settlements on Mars or in outer space,' but the opposite is true - we're actually looking for evidence of past human life on planet earth. "
Sarah Parcak
Life
Think
Space
" Archaeologists gave the military the idea to use aerial photographs for spying and field survey. We are fortunate that the spatial and spectral resolutions of the imagery available to us are so broadly useful for archaeology. "
Sarah Parcak
Military
Archaeology
Us