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" As a social concept, 'white' is profound in its meaning. It means people who either come from or appear to come from Europe, but it's necessarily a construct of oppression. "
Robin DiAngelo
Come
White
Meaning
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" One cannot understand how racism functions in the U.S. today if one ignores group power relations. "
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Group
Power
Racism
" White fragility doesn't always manifest in overt ways; silence and withdrawal are also functions of fragility. "
Robin DiAngelo
Silence
White
Manifest
" The goal of my work is to make visible the inevitable racist assumptions held, and patterns displayed, by white people conditioned from living in a white supremacist culture. "
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People
Goal
Living
" One of the things I try to work with white people on is letting go of our criteria about how people of color give us feedback. We have to build our stamina to just be humble and bear witness to the pain we've caused. "
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Humble
White
Work
" We have always policed the bodies of people of color, and black people in particular. The Jim Crow South is a classic example. White flight in the North. School segregation. Gerrymandering. "
Robin DiAngelo
Black
White
School
" I grew up poor and white. While my class oppression has been relatively visible to me, my race privilege has not. In my efforts to uncover how race has shaped my life, I have gained deeper insight by placing race in the center of my analysis and asking how each of my other group locations have socialized me to collude with racism. "
Robin DiAngelo
My Life
Group
Race
" Denying that race matters is irrational in the face of segregation and all of the other forms of obvious racial inequity in society... Maintaining this denial of reality takes tremendous emotional and psychic energy. "
Robin DiAngelo
Reality
Energy
Face
" I think our everyday coded language around 'good neighborhoods' and 'bad neighborhoods' is what allows for tremendous violence to happen... When you label a neighborhood 'bad' and avoid it, then you don't know and don't see what goes on there. And there's no human face to interrupt that narrative. "
Robin DiAngelo
Think
Face
Good
" As part of my work, I teach, lead and participate in affinity groups, facilitate workshops, and mentor other whites on recognizing and interrupting racism in our lives. "
Robin DiAngelo
Racism
Lead
Mentor
" It became clear over time that white people have extremely low thresholds for enduring any discomfort associated with challenges to our racial worldviews. "
Robin DiAngelo
Time
Challenges
White
" In aversive racism, the concept of racism is abhorrent to that person. But they're filled with racist conditioning and bias, as we all are. Because that conflicts with their identity as good people, they suppress it and are even more in denial about it. They are even more likely to erupt in defensiveness if it gets called out. "
Robin DiAngelo
Racism
People
Good
" Most white people cannot answer the question, 'What does it mean to be white?' with any depth or complexity. "
Robin DiAngelo
People
Answer
Mean
" While individual whites may be against racism, they still benefit from the distribution of resources controlled by their group. "
Robin DiAngelo
Resources
Group
Individual
" Like a nontechnical user trying to understand a technical problem, our racial illiteracy limits our ability to have meaningful conversations about race. "
Robin DiAngelo
Racial
Limits
Problem
" The question that white people need to ask ourselves is not if we were shaped by the forces of racism, but how. "
Robin DiAngelo
Need
Question
Racism
" One way that whites protect their positions when challenged on race is to invoke the discourse of self-defense. Through this discourse, whites characterize themselves as victimized, slammed, blamed, and attacked. "
Robin DiAngelo
Through
Discourse
Protect
" There's a lot of ways that white women undermine women of color, and black women in particular. "
Robin DiAngelo
Color
Ways
Women
" Whites often respond defensively when linked to other whites as a group or 'accused' of collectively benefiting from racism, because as individuals, each white person is 'different' from any other white person and expects to be seen as such. "
Robin DiAngelo
Different
White
Racism
" What I do used to be called 'diversity training,' then 'cultural competency' and now, 'anti-racism.' These terms are really useful for periods of time, but then they get coopted, and people build all this baggage around them, and you have to come up with new terms, or else people won't engage. "
Robin DiAngelo
Training
Diversity
People
" White fragility is a state in which even a minimum amount of racial stress becomes intolerable, triggering a range of defensive moves. "
Robin DiAngelo
Racial
Stress
White
" Many of us actively working to interrupt racism continually hear complaints about the 'gotcha' culture of white anti-racism. There is a stereotype that we are looking for every incident we can find so we can spring out, point our fingers, and shout, 'You're a racist!' "
Robin DiAngelo
Racism
You
Looking
" In the U.S., while individual whites might be against racism, they still benefit from their group's control. Yes, an individual person of color can sit at the tables of power, but the overwhelming majority of decision-makers will be white. Yes, white people can have problems and face barriers, but systematic racism won't be one of them. "
Robin DiAngelo
People
Power
Face
" This is what I have learned: Any white person living in the United States will develop opinions about race simply by swimming in the water of our culture. But mainstream sources - schools, textbooks, media - don't provide us with the multiple perspectives we need. "
Robin DiAngelo
Swimming
Water
Culture
" For a lot of white people, just suggesting that being white has meaning will trigger a deep, defensive response. And that defensiveness serves to maintain both our comfort and our positions in a racially inequitable society from which we benefit. "
Robin DiAngelo
Society
Comfort
People
" White people in North America live in a social environment that protects and insulates them from race-based stress. This insulated environment of racial protection builds white expectations for racial comfort while at the same time lowering the ability to tolerate racial stress. "
Robin DiAngelo
Time
America
People
" Whiteness is dynamic, relational, and operating at all times and on myriad levels. These processes and practices include basic rights, values, beliefs, perspectives and experiences purported to be commonly shared by all but which are actually only consistently afforded to white people. "
Robin DiAngelo
Only
White
Values
" I don't believe it's humanly possible to be free of bias. "
Robin DiAngelo
Bias
Possible
Free
" White people are very wily when it comes to race. We will do everything that we can to get out from under the idea of race. "
Robin DiAngelo
People
Race
White
" A fundamental but very challenging part of my work is moving white people from an individual understanding of racism - i.e. only some people are racist and those people are bad - to a structural understanding. "
Robin DiAngelo
White
Work
Racism
" If I have no idea how my race shapes me, I am probably not going to be open to any feedback about how your race shapes you. "
Robin DiAngelo
Feedback
Race
Open