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" Germany, Italy and France appear to possess less dynamism than do the U.S. and the others. "
Edmund Phelps
France
Germany
Italy
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" With less competition to fear, companies are emboldened to raise their mark-ups and profits. That lifts share prices and thus the wealth of already wealthy shareholders. "
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" Chancellor Angela Merkel and Wolfgang Schaeuble, her finance minister, are right to oppose fiscal and bank unions without political union. "
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" Raising the minimum wage seems to all economists to, at the very least, fail to 'raise' employment, and we'd all like to see better inclusion of low-skilled workers into good-paying jobs. "
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" To pump up consumer or government demand would force interest rates up and asset prices down, possibly by enough to destroy more jobs than are created. "
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" A nation's economy is more than its markets, tastes, technologies and property rights. "
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" A system where self-employment and self-finance was typical gave way to a system of companies having various business freedoms and enabling institutions. This was the 'great transformation' on which historians and sociologists as well as business commentators were to write volumes. "
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Business
Transformation
Way
" Democrats and Republicans have been very keen to make home ownership almost a national purpose. "
Edmund Phelps
Ownership
Home
Democrats
" I would like to see people dreaming of striking out on their own into some other country or their own, wherever they feel the action is, in the hope of an exciting and rewarding career. "
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People
Hope
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" The best part of the high school in Hastings must have been the Music Department. Its orchestra and concert band did well in county competitions, and the dance band formed by its students was the best in the region. I played lead trumpet in all of them. "
Edmund Phelps
Dance
Best
High School
" The need to encourage entrepreneurship and ensure that young people have the opportunity to start new businesses is acute. "
Edmund Phelps
Opportunity
People
Young
" Statistical studies are all over the lot about the pluses and minuses of raising the minimum wage. "
Edmund Phelps
Lot
About
Minimum Wage
" There's such a preoccupation with liquidity and such an unwillingness to invest beyond the horizon of the next quarter and making sure that the CEOs hit their quarterly earnings. "
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Invest
Horizon
Beyond
" When I was a teenager, I learned to play the trumpet. Music became my passion. "
Edmund Phelps
Music
Learned
Trumpet
" Entrepreneurs have only the murkiest picture of the future in which they are making their bets, and also there is ambiguity: they don't know when they push this lever or that lever that the outcome is going to be what they think it is going to be - there is the law of unanticipated consequences. "
Edmund Phelps
Push
Think
Picture
" If you rent, that's it. You don't have to pay any interest to anybody. You don't have to pay any maintenance costs to anybody. You don't have to worry about whether the boiler is going to break down. While if you own your own home, you have a hundred aggravations. "
Edmund Phelps
You
Down
Own
" The main cause of Europe's deep fall - the losses of inclusion, job satisfaction and wage growth - is the devastating slowdown of productivity that began in the late 1990s and struck large swaths of the continent. It holds down the growth of wages rates, and it depresses employment. "
Edmund Phelps
Growth
Late
Job
" I could try to incorporate or reflect in my models what it is that an employee, manager, or entrepreneur does: to recognize that most are engaged in their work, form expectations and evolve beliefs, solve problems, and have ideas. Trying to put these people into economic models became my project. "
Edmund Phelps
Ideas
Problems
People
" I do think from time to time that conceptual questions arise: What do we mean by equilibrium? What do we mean by this concept and that concept? "
Edmund Phelps
Questions
Time
Think
" Liberal redistributionists in favor of heavy taxation place less weight on incentive than do small-government conservatives. "
Edmund Phelps
Liberal
Place
Taxation
" My view is that innovation has declined in the everyday processes that businesses tinker with incrementally as they try to become more productive over time. "
Edmund Phelps
Try
Everyday
View
" Disciples of Keynes, who focus on aggregate demand, view any increase in household wealth as raising employment because they say it adds to consumer demand. "
Edmund Phelps
Focus
Wealth
View
" A modern economy is marked by the feasibility of endogenous change: Modernization brings myriad arrangements from expanded property rights to company law and financial institutions. "
Edmund Phelps
Rights
Financial
Company
" I've lived to see key parts of my research absorbed in textbooks and in central banks around the world. And some finance ministries, too. "
Edmund Phelps
Key
Research
See
" Workers in decent jobs view the economy as unjust if they or their children have virtually no chance of climbing to a higher rung in the socioeconomic ladder. "
Edmund Phelps
Economy
Children
View
" There would be plenty of justification to raise revenues in order to subsidize businesses that employ low-wage workers. But there can be no justification for pandering to the economy's entire bottom half merely to attract its votes. "
Edmund Phelps
Attract
Economy
Workers
" I'm old enough to remember in the 1930s and the 1940s when thrift, frugality, was considered an important virtue. "
Edmund Phelps
Old
Remember
Enough
" When public spending in the form of transfer payments makes various services and benefits free of charge, work is discouraged. Yet it is precisely Social Security that legislators fear to cut. "
Edmund Phelps
Security
Discouraged
Fear
" My God, I don't know anyone who likes to accumulate their wealth more than the Europeans. "
Edmund Phelps
God
Who
Likes
" In countries operating a largely capitalist system, there does not appear to be a wide understanding among its actors and overseers of either its advantages or its hazards. "
Edmund Phelps
Either
Countries
Understanding
" Economists of a classical bent lay a large part of the decline of employment, and thus lagging output, to a contraction of labour supply. "
Edmund Phelps
Output
Large
Employment