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" Talking to women about birth can be polarizing. "
Emily Oster
About
Talking
Polarizing
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" The biggest food-related risk in pregnancy is listeria. It's a dangerous bacteria, to which pregnant women are especially susceptible, that can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth. "
Emily Oster
Risk
Lead
Women
" I think women - relative to men - tend to feel that they have to do the household chores on top of everything else. This becomes even worse once you have kids. It's enough to have a full time job; a full time job plus a family is even more. "
Emily Oster
Think
Time
Men
" I think that there's a real sense in which pregnancy should be something that you do with your doctor, but I think that for a lot of women the time you have with your doctors is limited and it can be difficult to get all of the answers to your questions. "
Emily Oster
Women
Time
Doctor
" The main concern with a very large baby is difficulty in delivery. "
Emily Oster
Baby
Concern
Delivery
" Because economics is all about optimising, doing the best you can with what you have - it's usually the first place you should look for answers if you want to maximise your happiness. "
Emily Oster
Best
Doing
You
" Even though it is the case that poverty is linked to AIDS, in the sense that Africa is poor and they have a lot of AIDS, it's not necessarily the case that improving poverty - at least in the short run, that improving exports and improving development - it's not necessarily the case that that's going to lead to a decline in HIV prevalence. "
Emily Oster
Development
Short
Run
" Being pregnant was a lot like being a child again. There was always someone telling you what to do. "
Emily Oster
Someone
Lot
Child
" Economists typically think that your happiness goes up as you get more money, but the more you have, the less each additional dollar matters. This means that you value money most in times when you have less income and more expenses. "
Emily Oster
Happiness
Think
Money
" I tell my micro students everything I teach them is important, but the truth is that some things are more useful than others, and opportunity cost is near the top. "
Emily Oster
Important
Opportunity
Truth
" The greatest moments are those when you see the result pop up in a graph or in your statistics analysis - that moment you realise you know something no one else does and you get the pleasure of thinking about how to tell them. "
Emily Oster
Moments
Know
Thinking
" Prenatal testing is a complicated decision for many women, forcing us to confront concerns about a disabled child and risks of miscarriage. "
Emily Oster
Decision
Child
Women
" Nausea is a normal but unpleasant effect of pregnancy and a really good sign that it is going well. Women who experience nausea in early pregnancy are less likely to miscarry. "
Emily Oster
Normal
Early
Experience
" The enjoyment of work - to the extent that you have any - is likely highest in the first hours of the day when you are fresh, not tired, working on the most important things. "
Emily Oster
Important
Fresh
Tired
" Economics works great for planning your life when you don't have a work passion, since we tend to assume that your job delivers only money and you trade off job hours with leisure hours. If you think your job will just be a job, pick one that pays well per hour and leaves you some time off, even if the activity of the job is boring. "
Emily Oster
Work
Job
Life
" Adhering to budgeting rules shouldn't trump good decision-making. "
Emily Oster
Trump
Decision-Making
Good
" Every time you have a carrot instead of a cookie, every time you go to the gym instead of going to the movies, that's a costly investment in your health. But how much you want to invest is going to depend on how much longer you expect to live in the future, even if you don't make those investments. "
Emily Oster
Movies
Live
Health
" I think we've moved to thinking of parenting and pregnancy as something in which you should lose yourself. "
Emily Oster
Thinking
Think
Parenting
" Young women who live in areas with high maternal mortality change their behavior less in response to HIV than young women who live in areas with low maternal mortality. "
Emily Oster
Behavior
Young
Women
" The value of having numbers - data - is that they aren't subject to someone else's interpretation. They are just the numbers. You can decide what they mean for you. "
Emily Oster
Data
You
Value
" As people do a task, they improve at it. "
Emily Oster
Task
People
Improve
" One of the big take-aways from a lot of economic theory is that people should engage in consumption smoothing. "
Emily Oster
Economic
Big
Engage
" If you asked me which gives me more joy, my work or my family, there is no question that it's my family. Hands down. If I had to give one up, it wouldn't even be a contest. "
Emily Oster
Joy
Work
You
" The claim that SpongeBob makes your child dumber is a causal claim. If you do X, Y will happen. To prove that, you'd have to show that if you forced the children in the no-TV households to watch SpongeBob and changed nothing else about their lives, they would do worse in school. "
Emily Oster
School
Children
Nothing
" When I meet people on airplanes and they find out I'm an economist, they usually ask about stock tips. "
Emily Oster
People
Out
About
" The key to good decision making is evaluating the available information - the data - and combining it with your own estimates of pluses and minuses. As an economist, I do this every day. "
Emily Oster
Day
Information
Good
" I travel a fair amount, read on the plane, and I read fast. "
Emily Oster
Plane
Fair
Fast
" In short, humans are programmed to get bored. "
Emily Oster
Get
Short
Bored
" Feminists of my mother's generation argued that both mom and dad should work a little less and each do some of the household chores. My parents, for example, split everything 50/50. Even though my father is a terrible cook, he still made dinner exactly half the time. "
Emily Oster
Parents
Time
Work
" There is some risk to increase birth defects if you do a lot of outdoor gardening when you are pregnant. That can increase rates of toxoplasmosis. "
Emily Oster
Gardening
Risk
Lot
" Much of what I do in my job is think about whether relationships we see in data are causal, as opposed to just reflecting correlations. It's exactly these issues which come up in evaluating studies in public health. "
Emily Oster
Data
Health
Job