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" Very often, as I wander through life, I'll get that old feeling that I've come back from the future, and I'm living in the past. And it's a really horrible feeling. "
George M. Church
Future
Feeling
Old
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" I like to keep the median age in my lab low because they will indulge me in my dreams. They don't yet think things are impossible. "
George M. Church
Me
Will
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" Why would you not have a robot that looks like Abraham Lincoln? Why would it look like an erector set? Why use a computer with a punchcard, when you could use one with a touch pen on the screen? Why a car, when you could use a jetpack? "
George M. Church
Touch
Car
You
" The goal of reanimation research is not to make perfect living copies of extinct organisms, nor is it meant to be a one-off stunt in a laboratory or zoo. Reanimation is about leveraging the best of ancient and synthetic DNA. "
George M. Church
Goal
Best
Living
" We have the ability to completely change our environment to go... to take on... to inherit, in a certain sense, things far beyond our DNA, and that's inheritable. And we can see evolution in action as our ideas evolve and undergo a kind of Darwinian selection not at the DNA level. And we can go off into space. "
George M. Church
Action
Evolution
Space
" In my lab, we are constantly asking, 'What's the utility of this pure science that we're doing? Let's nudge it a little bit in a direction where people can connect to it and have some fun and/or help some very serious problems they have.' "
George M. Church
Fun
Help
People
" You should have personalized genomics, personalized physiology, personalized medicine, where each person's different, and each body is an integrated whole. "
George M. Church
You
Person
Medicine
" Our ancestors didn't need any genetic enhancements to be able to sit for twelve hours a day and eat fatty, sugary foods, but we need enhancements that handle that altered environment. "
George M. Church
Environment
Eat
Ancestors
" I am 3.8 percent Neanderthal. One of my ancestors mated with a Neanderthal, and I am not embarrassed by that. "
George M. Church
Embarrassed
I Am
Percent
" Clearly, we are a species that is well connected to other species. Whether or not we evolve from them, we are certainly very closely related to them. A series of mutations could change us into all kinds of intermediate species. Whether or not those intermediate species are provably in the past, they could easily be in our future. "
George M. Church
Connected
Future
Past
" Aside from bringing back extinct species, reanimation could help living ones by restoring lost genetic diversity. The Tasmanian devil (aka Sarcophilus harrisii) is so inbred at this point that most species members can exchange tumor cells without rejection. "
George M. Church
Help
Devil
Lost
" The best way to predict the future is to change it. "
George M. Church
Predict
Way
Future
" If we could take one of my skin cells and turn it into an embryo-like cell and turn it back into a skin cell, it has reset almost all of the developmental indications of age. "
George M. Church
Age
Cells
Back
" Every cell in our body, whether it's a bacterial cell or a human cell, has a genome. You can extract that genome - it's kind of like a linear tape - and you can read it by a variety of methods. Similarly, like a string of letters that you can read, you can also change it. You can write, you can edit it, and then you can put it back in the cell. "
George M. Church
You
Back
Human
" The World Wide Web went from zero to millions of web pages in a few years. Many revolutions look irrelevant just before they change everything swiftly. "
George M. Church
Change
Everything
Web
" When something like personal genomics or synthetic biology suddenly appears - it seems to suddenly appear - we might have been working on it for 30 years, but it seems to come out of nowhere. Then you need strategies for engaging a lot of people and thinking about where it will be going in the next few months or few years. "
George M. Church
You
Thinking
People
" I think something very simple that everybody can do is they can participate in medical research as subjects. Personal genome project, for example, will take on as many subjects as we can find. "
George M. Church
Think
Medical
Research
" Reversal of ageing is high on my list of things to do, and not just because I'm getting old. "
George M. Church
Old
Getting Old
High
" Reversal is something that has been demonstrated in a number of different animals in a number of different ways. I think that's going to translate into larger animals and humans. We won't know until we try. But we are trying 65 different genes in different combinations to see if we can reproduce the aging reversal that we've seen in small animals. "
George M. Church
Small
Aging
Animals
" You can't just hoard your ideas inside the ivory tower. You have to get them out into the world. "
George M. Church
You
World
Tower
" A scenario is, everyone takes gene therapy - not just curing rare diseases like cystic fibrosis, but diseases that everyone has, like aging. "
George M. Church
Aging
Like
Rare
" I think my original inspiration came from just natural curiosity about science and math and biology. In particular, I would say that, as I matured, it became more a feeling of trying to avoid the waste that occurs in the world where we have 6.5 billion minds. If you're a computer scientist, you can think of them as supercomputers. "
George M. Church
Think
Science
Curiosity
" I always loved computers - it's something inside you. "
George M. Church
Computers
You
Always
" Most groups patent ways of using genetic discoveries as part of non-obvious diagnostic and therapeutic protocols and slightly or greatly altered genes. "
George M. Church
Most
Genetic
Ways
" I will make the argument that we are poorly adapted to our current environment. I mean, we did not evolve to sit all day and be exposed to giant amounts of really tasty food. "
George M. Church
Day
Argument
Environment
" We will have to make a decision, as we go into new environments outside of earth, whether we want to drag along with us all our pathogens. We can, or we can't - it's up to us - but I consider that part of genome engineering is how we interact with the huge part of our genome which is our microbiome. "
George M. Church
Want
Earth
Engineering
" We went from a world where almost nobody knew anything about computers to a world where almost all of us are computer geeks for a huge fraction of our day. And I'd like to see that happen with the digital world of biological molecules, too. "
George M. Church
Computers
Nobody
World
" The first thing you have to do is to sequence the Neanderthal genome, and that has actually been done. The next step would be to chop this genome up into, say, 10,000 chunks and then... assemble all the chunks in a human stem cell, which would enable you to finally create a Neanderthal clone. "
George M. Church
You
Create
Done
" I would argue that we're not limited by actual DNA. You can re-create the ancient DNA by looking at the genomes of existing animals. "
George M. Church
Animals
Ancient
Looking
" I don't actually believe there's any such thing as privacy. "
George M. Church
Privacy
Believe
Any
" If we can come up with a way of backing up my brain into another that I have in my back-pack, we'll do it. People talk themselves out of things very easily. Things that they think are a million years away, or never, are actually four years away. "
George M. Church
Brain
People
Talk