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" Modernism in Vienna brought together science and culture in a new way to create an Age of Insight that emphasized a more complex view of the human mind than had ever existed before. "
Eric Kandel
Mind
Culture
Age
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" My parents genuinely loved Vienna, and in later years I learned from them why the city exerted a powerful hold on them and other Jews. My parents loved the dialect of Vienna, its cultural sophistication, and artistic values. "
Eric Kandel
Loved
City
Values
" Carl von Rokitansky is one of the founders of scientific medicine and systematized it, looking at what the clinical symptoms mean. The medicine we practice today, which is infinitely more sophisticated, is Rokitansky's medicine. "
Eric Kandel
Mean
Looking
Medicine
" Early in my career, I was disappointed that psychoanalysis was not becoming more empirical, was not becoming more scientific. It was primarily concerned with individual patients. It wasn't trying to collect data from large groups of people who have been analyzed. "
Eric Kandel
People
Early
Data
" Nerve cells communicate with one another at specialized points called synapses. And these synapses are plastic - they can be modified by learning. "
Eric Kandel
Plastic
Learning
Communicate
" I have a philosophy that has guided me throughout all of my scientific career, and that is, I think of myself as a fairly thoughtful person. I don't go into projects impetuously, and I try to select important problems. "
Eric Kandel
Me
Think
Myself
" If you read any of my books, they tend to have a strong historical perspective. "
Eric Kandel
Strong
Perspective
Read
" A brain scan may reveal the neural signs of anxiety, but a Kokoschka painting, or a Schiele self-portrait, reveals what an anxiety state really feels like. Both perspectives are necessary if we are to fully grasp the nature of the mind, yet they are rarely brought together. "
Eric Kandel
Painting
Brain
Nature
" It may act as an ancillary factor, but by itself, the mutation in tau doesn't give you Alzheimer's disease. This is not to say the tau is not very important. It may be important in propagating the disorder from one cell to another. But as a causal mechanism, the evidence is strongest for beta amyloid abnormalities. "
Eric Kandel
Evidence
You
Say
" Long-term memory involves enduring changes that result from the growth of new synaptic connections. "
Eric Kandel
Changes
Memory
Growth
" Since Socrates and Plato first speculated on the nature of the human mind, serious thinkers through the ages - from Aristotle to Descartes, from Aeschylus to Strindberg and Ingmar Bergman - have thought it wise to understand oneself and one's behavior. "
Eric Kandel
Behavior
Thought
Wise
" One of the ultimate challenges for biology is to understand the brain's processing of unconscious and conscious perception, emotion, and empathy. "
Eric Kandel
Empathy
Perception
Brain
" One of the ultimate challenges of biology is to understand how the brain becomes consciously aware of perception, experience and emotion. But it is equally conceivable that the exchange would be useful for the beholders of art, for people who enjoy art, for historians, and for the artists themselves. "
Eric Kandel
Challenges
People
Art
" I was interested in the nature of human mental processes, which is what got me interested in psychoanalysis. And it became clear to me after a while that mental processes come from the brain, and in order to understand them, you need to be a biologist of the brain. "
Eric Kandel
Nature
Me
Need
" In art, as in science, reductionism does not trivialize our perception - of color, light, and perspective - but allows us to see each of these components in a new way. "
Eric Kandel
Art
Science
Perspective
" Memory has always fascinated me. Think of it. You can recall at will your first day in high school, your first date, your first love. "
Eric Kandel
Me
School
Memory
" When I was a medical student in the 1950s, we practically never spoke about Alzheimer's disease. And why is that so? And that is because people didn't live long enough to have Alzheimer's disease. "
Eric Kandel
Enough
Long
Live
" The problem for many people is that we cannot point to the underlying biological bases of most psychiatric disorders. In fact, we are nowhere near understanding them as well as we understand disorders of the liver or the heart. "
Eric Kandel
Problem
Understanding
People
" I would not necessarily say that scientists and artists need to collaborate with one another, but it would be helpful for them to talk to one another to, perhaps, give rise to specific ideas that may or may not be carried out together. "
Eric Kandel
Need
Say
Rise
" I've been collecting art for much of my adult life. I started around 1960. And my wife and I really enjoy art a great deal. We don't have a lot of money, so we have works on paper, but we enjoy them a great deal. "
Eric Kandel
Enjoy
Wife
Money
" In order to produce learned fear, you take a neutral stimulus like a tone, and you pair it with an electrical shock. Tone, shock. Tone, shock. So the animal learns that the tone is bad news. But you can also do the opposite - shock it at other times, but never when the tone comes on. "
Eric Kandel
Bad
News
You
" In the 1950s and early 1960s, psychoanalysis swept through the intellectual community, and it was the dominant mode of thinking about the mind. People felt that this was a completely new set of insights into human motivation, and that its therapeutic potential was significant. "
Eric Kandel
Community
People
Mind
" As you know, in most areas of science, there are long periods of beginning before we really make progress. "
Eric Kandel
Long
Science
Progress
" The problem of psychoanalysis is not the body of theory that Freud left behind, but the fact that it never became a medical science. It never tried to test its ideas. "
Eric Kandel
Ideas
Science
Body
" I had many moments of disappointment, despondency, and exhaustion, but I always found that by reading the literature and showing up at my lab looking at the data as they emerged day by day and discussing them with my students and postdoctoral fellows, I would gain a notion of what to do next. "
Eric Kandel
Reading
Disappointment
Looking
" One of the wonderful things about Internet is it's like a salon. It brings people together from different intellectual walks of life. "
Eric Kandel
People
Together
Like
" I went to medical school after having decided to do so somewhere between my junior and senior year at Harvard - very late. I initially wanted to be an intellectual historian. "
Eric Kandel
Intellectual
Late
School
" My heart beats in three-quarter time. "
Eric Kandel
Heart
Beats
Time
" Psychoanalysis has a degree of unreliability about it. You will never know whether you've found the truth. You may find a subjective truth, but you don't know. "
Eric Kandel
Find
Truth
Never
" I like problems at the borders of disciplines. One of the reasons that neurobiology of learning and memory appeal to me so much was that I liked the idea of bringing biology and psychology together. "
Eric Kandel
Memory
Together
Learning
" The brain is a complex biological organ possessing immense computational capability: it constructs our sensory experience, regulates our thoughts and emotions, and controls our actions. "
Eric Kandel
Experience
Thoughts
Emotions