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" What is it that keeps you so interested in the telomere? It's so intricate and complicated, and you want to know how it works. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
You
Want
Know
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" Medicine has been successful by treating diseases in a very specific way once the damage is done. But telomere length integrates a lot of factors together and gives you an overall picture of risk for what is now emerging as a lot of diseases that tend to occur together, such as diabetes and heart disease. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Together
You
Picture
" We're involved in a very large study that's federally funded and being done with Kaiser Permanente, and saliva is a very non-invasive way to get cells from the body. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Body
Involved
Cells
" Studying organisms at a molecular level was totally compelling because it was moving from being a naturalist, which was the 19th-century kind of science, to being very focused and really getting to the heart of these molecules. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Studying
Science
Moving
" We're collecting about 100,000 telomere lengths in saliva samples and then looking at how those relate to both the extensive longitudinal clinical records that Kaiser is collecting and the genome sequence variations. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Collecting
Genome
Looking
" Exercise mitigates the effects of stress - and stress, we know, shortens telomeres. In fact, early studies indicate that stress reduction techniques like meditation help people maintain the length of their telomeres. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Stress
Exercise
Help
" The conservative statement is that telomere length is a biomarker, but it's probably not passive. There are some very intimate relationships between things such as molecular markers for inflammation and telomere health. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Conservative
Health
Relationships
" I've only actively promoted what we always hope is good science. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Good
Always
Hope
" Perhaps arising from a fascination with animals, biology seemed the most interesting of sciences to me as a child. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Me
Biology
Interesting
" Checking your telomere length is a bit like weighing yourself: you get this single number which depends on a lot of factors. Telomere length gives a sense of your underlying health. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Get
Like
Health
" I'm pretty good about getting some exercise every day - well, most days. The secret for me was to put the elliptical in front of the TV. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Day
Me
Exercise
" In my lab, we're finding that psychological stress actually ages cells, which can be seen when you measure the wearing down of the tips of the chromosomes, those telomeres. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Finding
Down
You
" In humans, the thing is that as we mature, our telomeres slowly wear down. So the question has always been: 'Did that matter?' Well, more and more, it seems like it matters. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Down
Always
Mature
" Biology sometimes reveals its fundamental principles through what may seem at first to be arcane and bizarre. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Biology
Through
Sometimes
" Observational studies show that exercise, nutritional supplements and reducing psychological stress can help. Chronic high stress and smoking can lead to accelerated telomere shortening. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
High
Help
Exercise
" Researchers have found that the brain definitely sends nerves directly to organs of the immune system and not just to the heart and the lower gut. In that way, too, the brain is influencing the body. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Gut
Way
Brain
" Cancer cells have a lot of other things that are really wrong with them, and we should never forget that these are cells that have become deaf to all the signals that the body sends out, such as you can multiply a certain amount, you can be in a certain place in the body, where to stay, where to move, and so on. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Deaf
Never Forget
Place
" I was born in the small city of Hobart in Tasmania, Australia, in 1948. My parents were family physicians. My grandfather and great grandfather on my mother's side were geologists. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
City
Mother
Parents
" Being senior enough in the field, having enough solidity, I don't feel afraid of being marginalized. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Feel
Afraid
Enough
" One characteristic aspect of ageing is the increased susceptibility to disease, particularly age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Ageing
Cancer
Cardiovascular
" Challenges in medicine are moving from 'Treat the symptoms after the house is on fire' to 'Can we preserve the house intact?' "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Moving
Fire
House
" We think there are lifestyle factors that boost telomerase naturally. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Naturally
Factors
Lifestyle
" I spent my first 4 years living in the tiny town of Snug, by the sea near Hobart. Curious about animals, I would pick up ants in our backyard and jellyfish on the beach. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Curious
Animals
Living
" I chose biochemistry as my major and graduated after 4 years with an Honours degree in Biochemistry. During that time, I had come to love biochemistry research, although I was just getting my feet wet in laboratory research. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Years
Research
Feet
" At Cambridge, there was a completely unintimidating culture, and there were no class divisions among the students. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Culture
Cambridge
Students
" The most dangerous cancer cells are actually the ones that are more like stem cells, which have this ability to produce themselves over and over again. More and more cancer biologists say stem-cell-like cells in cancers are the most dangerous. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Cancer
Cells
Dangerous
" When scientists get old, they get interested in the brain, and I'm a little bit afraid I'm falling into that. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Afraid
Falling
Get
" In 2004, results from a study that I worked on with colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco, linked chronic stress to shortening of telomeres. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Colleagues
California
Results
" Generally, we try to have a situation where the person is healthy, so you're not confounded by disease. So, that means that healthy individuals are donating their blood samples for the studies. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Healthy
Blood
Try
" No one ever said, 'Be a doctor.' But because so many members of my extended family - aunts, uncles - were doctors, there was this expectation that I'd probably be a physician. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Because
Doctor
Family
" As maize became important for human food worldwide, modern agricultural research on maize breeding continued the corn breeding begun thousands of years ago in the Central American highlands. "
Elizabeth Blackburn
Food
American
Research