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" Before playing with his equals, the child is influenced by his parents. He is subjected from his cradle to a multiplicity of regulations, and even before language he becomes conscious of certain obligations. "

Jean Piaget

Parents

Playing

Language

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" I have always detested any departure from reality, an attitude which I relate to my mother's poor mental health. "

" The practice of narrative and argument does not lead to invention, but it compels a certain coherence of thought. "

" Scientific thought, then, is not momentary; it is not a static instance; it is a process. "

" Logic and mathematics are nothing but specialised linguistic structures. "

" With regard to moral rules, the child submits more or less completely in intention to the rules laid down for him, but these, remaining, as it were, external to the subject's conscience, do not really transform his conduct. "

" To express the same idea in still another way, I think that human knowledge is essentially active. "

" In other words, knowledge of the external world begins with an immediate utilisation of things, whereas knowledge of self is stopped by this purely practical and utilitarian contact. "

" Reflective abstraction, however, is based not on individual actions but on coordinated actions. "

" From the moral as from the intellectual point of view, the child is born neither good nor bad but master of his destiny. "

" To accustom the infant to get out of its own difficulties or to calm it by rocking it may be to lay the foundations of a good or of a bad disposition. "

" Intelligence is what you use when you don't know what to do: when neither innateness nor learning has prepared you for the particular situation. "

" The child of three or four is saturated with adult rules. His universe is dominated by the idea that things are as they ought to be, that everyone's actions conform to laws that are both physical and moral - in a word, that there is a Universal Order. "

" Every acquisition of accommodation becomes material for assimilation, but assimilation always resists new accommodations. "

" Logical positivists have never taken psychology into account in their epistemology, but they affirm that logical beings and mathematical beings are nothing but linguistic structures. "

" The main functions of intelligence, that of inventing solutions and that of verifying them, do not necessarily involve one another. The first partakes of imagination; the second alone is properly logical. "

" One of the most striking things one finds about the child under 7-8 is his extreme assurance on all subjects. "

" Logical reasoning is an argument which we have with ourselves and which reproduces internally the features of a real argument. "

" The current state of knowledge is a moment in history, changing just as rapidly as the state of knowledge in the past has ever changed and, in many instances, more rapidly. "

" Our problem, from the point of view of psychology and from the point of view of genetic epistemology, is to explain how the transition is made from a lower level of knowledge to a level that is judged to be higher. "

" Scientific knowledge is in perpetual evolution; it finds itself changed from one day to the next. "

Jean Piaget

Evolution

Knowledge

" It is with children that we have the best chance of studying the development of logical knowledge, mathematical knowledge, physical knowledge, and so forth. "

" Logical activity is not the whole of intelligence. One can be intelligent without being particularly logical. "

" From this time on, the universe is built up into an aggregate of permanent objects connected by causal relations that are independent of the subject and are placed in objective space and time. "

" The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done. "

" The more the schemata are differentiated, the smaller the gap between the new and the familiar becomes, so that novelty, instead of constituting an annoyance avoided by the subject, becomes a problem and invites searching. "

" Egocentrism appears to us as a form of behavior intermediate between purely individual and socialized behavior. "

Jean Piaget

Individual

Behavior

" I engage my subjects in conversation, patterned after psychiatric questioning, with the aim of discovering something about the reasoning underlying their right but especially their wrong answers. "

" This means that no single logic is strong enough to support the total construction of human knowledge. "

" To reason logically is so to link one's propositions that each should contain the reason for the one succeeding it, and should itself be demonstrated by the one preceding it. Or at any rate, whatever the order adopted in the construction of one's own exposition, it is to demonstrate judgments by each other. "

" The child often sees only what he already knows. He projects the whole of his verbal thought into things. He sees mountains as built by men, rivers as dug out with spades, the sun and moon as following us on our walks. "