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" Our problem, from the point of view of psychology and from the point of view of genetic epistemology, is to explain how the transition is made from a lower level of knowledge to a level that is judged to be higher. "

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" The main functions of intelligence, that of inventing solutions and that of verifying them, do not necessarily involve one another. The first partakes of imagination; the second alone is properly logical. "

Jean Piaget

Intelligence

Alone

First

" The self thus becomes aware of itself, at least in its practical action, and discovers itself as a cause among other causes and as an object subject to the same laws as other objects. "

" Logical reasoning is an argument which we have with ourselves and which reproduces internally the features of a real argument. "

" During the first few months of an infant's life, its manner of taking the breast, of laying its head on the pillow, etc., becomes crystallized into imperative habits. This is why education must begin in the cradle. "

" I have always detested any departure from reality, an attitude which I relate to my mother's poor mental health. "

" During the earliest stages the child perceives things like a solipsist who is unaware of himself as subject and is familiar only with his own actions. "

Jean Piaget

Own

Child

" Everyone knows that at the age of 11-12, children have a marked impulse to form themselves into groups and that the respect paid to the rules and regulations of their play constitutes an important feature of this social life. "

" Intelligence is what you use when you don't know what to do: when neither innateness nor learning has prepared you for the particular situation. "

" On the one hand, there are individual actions such as throwing, pushing, touching, rubbing. It is these individual actions that give rise most of the time to abstraction from objects. "

" Egocentrism appears to us as a form of behavior intermediate between purely individual and socialized behavior. "

Jean Piaget

Individual

Behavior

" In genetic epistemology, as in developmental psychology, too, there is never an absolute beginning. "

" Play is the answer to the question, 'How does anything new come about?' "

" Play is the work of childhood. "

" Scientific thought, then, is not momentary; it is not a static instance; it is a process. "

" Children's games constitute the most admirable social institutions. The game of marbles, for instance, as played by boys, contains an extremely complex system of rules - that is to say, a code of laws, a jurisprudence of its own. "

" From this time on, the universe is built up into an aggregate of permanent objects connected by causal relations that are independent of the subject and are placed in objective space and time. "

" Logical activity is not the whole of intelligence. One can be intelligent without being particularly logical. "

" To accustom the infant to get out of its own difficulties or to calm it by rocking it may be to lay the foundations of a good or of a bad disposition. "

" Knowing reality means constructing systems of transformations that correspond, more or less adequately, to reality. "

Jean Piaget

Less

Knowing

" Scientific knowledge is in perpetual evolution; it finds itself changed from one day to the next. "

Jean Piaget

Evolution

Knowledge

" The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done. "

" Reflective abstraction, however, is based not on individual actions but on coordinated actions. "

" I engage my subjects in conversation, patterned after psychiatric questioning, with the aim of discovering something about the reasoning underlying their right but especially their wrong answers. "

" The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are capable of doing new things. "

" One of the most striking things one finds about the child under 7-8 is his extreme assurance on all subjects. "

" The child often sees only what he already knows. He projects the whole of his verbal thought into things. He sees mountains as built by men, rivers as dug out with spades, the sun and moon as following us on our walks. "

" Before playing with his equals, the child is influenced by his parents. He is subjected from his cradle to a multiplicity of regulations, and even before language he becomes conscious of certain obligations. "

" The more the schemata are differentiated, the smaller the gap between the new and the familiar becomes, so that novelty, instead of constituting an annoyance avoided by the subject, becomes a problem and invites searching. "

" From the moral as from the intellectual point of view, the child is born neither good nor bad but master of his destiny. "

" The child of three or four is saturated with adult rules. His universe is dominated by the idea that things are as they ought to be, that everyone's actions conform to laws that are both physical and moral - in a word, that there is a Universal Order. "