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" On the one hand, there are individual actions such as throwing, pushing, touching, rubbing. It is these individual actions that give rise most of the time to abstraction from objects. "
Jean Piaget
Rise
Hand
Individual
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" It is with children that we have the best chance of studying the development of logical knowledge, mathematical knowledge, physical knowledge, and so forth. "
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" In other words, knowledge of the external world begins with an immediate utilisation of things, whereas knowledge of self is stopped by this purely practical and utilitarian contact. "
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" Scientific thought, then, is not momentary; it is not a static instance; it is a process. "
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" In genetic epistemology, as in developmental psychology, too, there is never an absolute beginning. "
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" To express the same idea in still another way, I think that human knowledge is essentially active. "
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" The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are capable of doing new things. "
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" During the earliest stages the child perceives things like a solipsist who is unaware of himself as subject and is familiar only with his own actions. "
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" The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done. "
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" The practice of narrative and argument does not lead to invention, but it compels a certain coherence of thought. "
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" Reflective abstraction, however, is based not on individual actions but on coordinated actions. "
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" With regard to moral rules, the child submits more or less completely in intention to the rules laid down for him, but these, remaining, as it were, external to the subject's conscience, do not really transform his conduct. "
Jean Piaget
Rules
Moral
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" All morality consists in a system of rules, and the essence of all morality is to be sought for in the respect which the individual acquires for these rules. "
Jean Piaget
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" The child of three or four is saturated with adult rules. His universe is dominated by the idea that things are as they ought to be, that everyone's actions conform to laws that are both physical and moral - in a word, that there is a Universal Order. "
Jean Piaget
Three
Moral
Universe
" Before playing with his equals, the child is influenced by his parents. He is subjected from his cradle to a multiplicity of regulations, and even before language he becomes conscious of certain obligations. "
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" Scientific knowledge is in perpetual evolution; it finds itself changed from one day to the next. "
Jean Piaget
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Next
" The first type of abstraction from objects I shall refer to as simple abstraction, but the second type I shall call reflective abstraction, using this term in a double sense. "
Jean Piaget
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Sense
Call
" Logical positivists have never taken psychology into account in their epistemology, but they affirm that logical beings and mathematical beings are nothing but linguistic structures. "
Jean Piaget
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Logical
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" During the first few months of an infant's life, its manner of taking the breast, of laying its head on the pillow, etc., becomes crystallized into imperative habits. This is why education must begin in the cradle. "
Jean Piaget
Head
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Why
" Our problem, from the point of view of psychology and from the point of view of genetic epistemology, is to explain how the transition is made from a lower level of knowledge to a level that is judged to be higher. "
Jean Piaget
Problem
Transition
View
" From this time on, the universe is built up into an aggregate of permanent objects connected by causal relations that are independent of the subject and are placed in objective space and time. "
Jean Piaget
Space
Connected
Time
" This means that no single logic is strong enough to support the total construction of human knowledge. "
Jean Piaget
Construction
Strong
Knowledge
" Intelligence is what you use when you don't know what to do: when neither innateness nor learning has prepared you for the particular situation. "
Jean Piaget
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" Egocentrism appears to us as a form of behavior intermediate between purely individual and socialized behavior. "
Jean Piaget
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Individual
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" I have always detested any departure from reality, an attitude which I relate to my mother's poor mental health. "
Jean Piaget
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" The child often sees only what he already knows. He projects the whole of his verbal thought into things. He sees mountains as built by men, rivers as dug out with spades, the sun and moon as following us on our walks. "
Jean Piaget
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" Knowing reality means constructing systems of transformations that correspond, more or less adequately, to reality. "
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" The self thus becomes aware of itself, at least in its practical action, and discovers itself as a cause among other causes and as an object subject to the same laws as other objects. "
Jean Piaget
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" One of the most striking things one finds about the child under 7-8 is his extreme assurance on all subjects. "
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Subjects
" I engage my subjects in conversation, patterned after psychiatric questioning, with the aim of discovering something about the reasoning underlying their right but especially their wrong answers. "
Jean Piaget
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" Everyone knows that at the age of 11-12, children have a marked impulse to form themselves into groups and that the respect paid to the rules and regulations of their play constitutes an important feature of this social life. "
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Age
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